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ISOLATION OF CELLULOSE FROM SAND BOX (Hura crepitans) SEED SHELL

Table of contents

 

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                                                    1 

1.1       Introduction                                                                                                                1 

1.2       Aim and Objectives of the Study                                                                               2 

CHAPTER TWO                                                                                                                    3 

2.0       Literature Review                                                                                                       3 

2.1       Cellulose                                                                                                                     3 

2.1.1    Cellulose as a Polysaccharides                                                                                    3 

2.1.3    General structure of cellulose                                                                                     5 

2.1.4    Cellulose microfibril organization                                                                               8 

2.1.5    Diffraction principle                                                                                                  10 

2.2       Hura crepitans                                                                                                            11 

CHAPTER THREE                                                                                                                13 

3.0       Materials and Methods                                                                                               13 

3.1       Materials                                                                                                                     13 

3.1.1    Materials Sample Collection                                                                                       13 

3.1.2    Apparatus                                                                                                                    13 

3.1.3    Reagent                                                                                                                       14 

3.2       Methods                                                                                                                      14 

3.2.1    Isolation of Cellulose                                                                                                  14 

3.2.2    Percentage Yield of Cellulose                                                                                    15 

3.2.3    Characteristics of Cellulose                                                                                        15 

3.3.3    Diffractometer technique                                                                                            15 

3.3.4    Sample preparation                                                                                                     16 

CHAPTER FOUR                                                                                                                  17 

4.0       Results and Discussion                                                                                               17 

CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and Conclusion                                                                      21 

5.1       Summary                                                                                                                     21 

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                                  21 

5.3       Recommendation                                                                                                        21 

Appendix 

References                                                                                                                              22 

Abstract

 

Cellulose is an important structural component of primary cell wall in green plant and about billion tons of cellulose is being produced from various plants. Cellulose is renewable, thermally stable, cheap, light in weight and the chemical formula (C6H10O5)n. 

            The cellulose was isolated by delignification process and alkaline hydrolysis. Percentage yield and proximate analysis were determined. It was characterized by FTIR, SEM and XRD. 

            The percentage cellulose yield was 10.14%.  Fibre content of isolated Hura crepitans seed shell (1.68%) was observed to be lower than that for the isolated cellulose (3.11%). The moisture content of the isolated Hura crepitans seed shell (11.87%) was observed to higher than that of the raw Hura crepitans seed shell (11.79%). The percentage ash content (2.65%) of isolated Hura crepitans seed shell was also lower than that of raw (4.68%). Percentage crude fat (2.97) of isolates was lower than that of raw sample (2.18%). The broad band in the region 500-4500 cm-1 is due to O-H stretching vibration and it gives considerable information of the hydrogen bonds. 

            This study shows that Hura crepitans seed shell contains cellulose which is crystalline in nature. 

Keywords: Hura crepitans, FTIR, SEM, Proximate Analysis, XRD, Cellulose 

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