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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC AND AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Ocimum gratissimum (SCENT LEAF) ON SOME BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM WOUND

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Table of contents

 

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                                                     1 

1.1       Introduction                                                                                                                1 

1.2       Statement of the Problem                                                                                           4 

1.3       Aim and Objectives of the Study                                                                               4 

1.3.1    Aim of the Study                                                                                                        4 

1.3.2    Objective of the Study                                                                                                5 

1.4       Significance of the Study                                                                                           5 

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                                                    6 

2.1       Ocimum gratissimum                                                                                                  6 

2.1.1    Traditional Uses                                                                                                          6 

2.1.3    Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activity                                                                      8 

2.2       The Human Skin and Wound                                                                                     10 

2.3       Prevalence of wound infection                                                                                   12 

2.4       Type of bacteria that cause wound infections                                                            13 

2.5       Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria causing wound infection                                  14 

2.6       Management of septic wounds with antibiotics                                                         15 

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods                                                                         16 

3.1       Collection of Sample                                                                                                  16 

3.2       Material and Apparatus Used                                                                                     16 

3.3       Sterilization of Glasswares                                                                                         16 

3.4       Media Used                                                                                                                 17 

3.5       Media Preparation                                                                                                     17 

3.6       Isolation of Wound Bacterial Isolates                                                                        17 

3.6.1    Culture of Sample                                                                                                       17 

3.7       Identification of Isolates                                                                                             17 

3.8       Morphological and Biochemical Characterization                                                    18 

3.8.1    Gram Staining                                                                                                            18 

3.8.2    Catalase Test                                                                                                               19 

3.8.3    Oxidase Test                                                                                                               19 

3.8.4    Citrate Utilisation Test                                                                                               19 

3.8.5 Indole Test                                                                                                                     20 

3.9      Antibacterial susceptibility testing of the plant extracts                                20 

3.10     Antibiotics Test                                                                                                          20 

CHAPTER FOUR: Results                                                                                                    22 

CHAPTER FIVE                                                                                                                    32 

5.1       Discussion                                                                                                                   32 

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                                  35 

5.3       Recommendations                                                                                                      36 

References                                                                                                                              37 

Appendix                                                                                                                                42 

 

 



 

LIST OF TABLE 

Table              Title                                                                                                    Pages 

4.1       Characteristics of Patients Samples                                                                            24 

4.2       Morphological and biochemical reaction of bacteria isolated from wound samples           25 

 

4.3       Percentage Occurrence of Bacteria Isolated from Wound Samples                                  28 

4.4       Antimicrobial Effect of Aqueous Solution of Scent Leaf on Bacteria Isolated from            Wound                                                                                                                        29 

 

4.5       Antimicrobial Effect of Ethanol Solution of Scent Leaf on Bacteria Isolated from 

Wound                                                                                                                        30 

 

4.6       Susceptibility of Pattern of Isolated Bacteria to Common Antibiotics                  31 

Abstract

 

Wound infection is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and antibiotics resistant bacteria are the great part of complications on treatment of the infection. The present study was conducted to isolate, identify bacteria organisms associated with wound infections and to assess the effect of Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf) on the isolates. 

The study was carried out on wound infection suspected patients visiting Ijebu-ode General Hospital. Out of the samples collected, 67 was collected from male patients between the age of 5 to 25 years while 33 was collected from female between the age of 1 to 25 years. The collected pus specimen were first observed macroscopically then streaked on MacConkey agar and Centrimide agar, incubated at 370C for 24 hours. The isolated bacteria were identified by macroscopic and microscopic observations and biochemical reactions. The antimictobial susceptibility of the plant extract was done using agar well diffusion while antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was assessed by Modified Kirby Baur disc diffusion technique. 

A total number of one hundred (100) bacteria organisms were isolated in this study. The organisms isolated include; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the highest occurrence with 38 (29%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus 29(29%), Klebsiella pneumoiae 21(21%) and Bacillus subtilis 9(9%). The least occurrence was Escherichia coli with 3(3%). Aqueous and ethanol solution of Ocimum gratissimu extract did not inhibit the growth of the isolated bacteria. However, the isolated bacteria were subjected to some common antibiotics such as Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin and Ampicillin. Ampicillin did not inhibit the growth of the isolated bacteria while ciprofloxacin inhibit the growth of all the isolated bacteria. Gentamycin inhibit the growth of all the bacteria isolates except Staphylococcus aurues. 

Plant are known to be good source of treatment but there must be confirmation that it can treat the infection before it can be used. Further studies can be conducted on different extract to ascertain the effect of plants extract on bacteria associated with wound infection. 

 

Keywords: Wound pus, bacteria isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility, scent leaf 

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