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ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PROFILE OF Escherichia coli ISOLATED FROM Clarias gariepinius (CATFISH) PONDS

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Table of contents

Table of Content                                                                                                         vi

List of Tables                                                                                                              viii

List of Figures                                                                                                             ix

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                                                                         1

1.1       Background to the Study                                                                                1

1.2       Objectives of the Study                                                                                  4

1.3       Justification                                                                                                    4

1.4       Literature Review                                                                                           5

CHAPTER TWO: MATERIALS AND METHODS                                                 9

2.1       Selection of Sampling Area                                                                            9

2.2       Collection of Samples                                                                                    9

2.3       Material and Apparatus Used                                                                         9

2.4       Sterilization of Glasswares                                                                             10

2.5       Media Used                                                                                                     10

2.6       Media Preparation                                                                                         10

2.7       Determination of Microbial Load                                                                   10

2.8       Isolation of Escherichia coli                                                                          11

2.9       Identification and Characterization of Escherichia coli                11

2.9.1    Catalase Test                                                                                                   12        2.9.2    Indole Test                                                                                                      12

2.9.3    Methyl Red Test                                                                                             12

3.9.4    Voges Proskauer Test                                                                                     12

2.9.5    Citrate Utilisation                                                                                           13      

2.10     Antibiotic Susceptibility Test                                                                         13

2.12     Determination of Multiple Antibiotic Resistances                                14

CHAPTER THREE: RESULTS                                                                                 15

CHAPTER FOUR: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION  AND RECOMMENDATION        23

4.1       Discussion                                                                                                       23

4.2       Conclusion                                                                                                      25

4.3       Recommendations                                                                                          26

REFERENCES                                                                                                           27

 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title                                                                                                                Page

3.1       Total Microbial Load of Organisms on MacConkey Agar                            16

 3.2       Biochemical characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from Cat Fish Pond Water                                                                                                     17

3.3       Antibiotics Resistance of Escherichia coli on Selected Antibiotics      18

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title                                                                                                    Page

3.1       Percentage of Escherichia coli resistance to antibiotics                    19

3.2       Growth of E. coli on EMB                                                                            20

3.3       Showing the susceptibility and resistance of E. coli to different antibiotics                                                                                                                21

3.4       Showing the susceptibility and resistance of E. coli to different antibiotics.                                                                                          22

Abstract

            Fish culture is a relatively new enterprise in the developing world, especially in Africa. However, there are a number of constraints to its growth which include infection by bacteria. The increasing use of antibiotics in treating farm and aquatic animals have resulted in development of resistance among the microbes that could transfer resistance factors to another bacteria, making consumers vulnerable to the resistant bacteria. Therefore this study investigated the resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from 4 Catfish ponds water in Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria. The E. coli were identified morphologically and Biochemically. The total microbial load of the fish ponds water sampled ranged from 6.1 × 103 Cfu/ml to 9.1×103 Cfu/ml. E. coli strains were highly resistant to Cloxacillin (100%), Streptomycin (100%), Tetracycline (100%), Chloramphenicol (100%) and Augumentin (90%). The isolates were sensitive to Ofloxacin (35%), Ceftazidine (40%) and Gentamicin (28%). While the study concluded that catfish ponds water are unhygienic and can cause harm to fish reared in the water and those that consume catfish, long-age practice of using antibiotics as growth promoter in agriculture should be discouraged.

 

Keywords: Escherichia coli, Antibiotic resistance, Catfish Pond 

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