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ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PROFILE OF Escherichia coli ISOLATED FROM Clarias gariepinius (CATFISH) PONDS
Categories
Table of contents
Table of Content vi
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Objectives of the Study 4
1.3 Justification 4
1.4 Literature Review 5
CHAPTER TWO: MATERIALS AND METHODS 9
2.1 Selection of Sampling Area 9
2.2 Collection of Samples 9
2.3 Material and Apparatus Used 9
2.4 Sterilization of Glasswares 10
2.5 Media Used 10
2.6 Media Preparation 10
2.7 Determination of Microbial Load 10
2.8 Isolation of Escherichia coli 11
2.9 Identification and Characterization of Escherichia coli 11
2.9.1 Catalase Test 12 2.9.2 Indole Test 12
2.9.3 Methyl Red Test 12
3.9.4 Voges Proskauer Test 12
2.9.5 Citrate Utilisation 13
2.10 Antibiotic Susceptibility Test 13
2.12 Determination of Multiple Antibiotic Resistances 14
CHAPTER THREE: RESULTS 15
CHAPTER FOUR: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 23
4.1 Discussion 23
4.2 Conclusion 25
4.3 Recommendations 26
REFERENCES 27
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
3.1 Total Microbial Load of Organisms on MacConkey Agar 16
3.2 Biochemical characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from Cat Fish Pond Water 17
3.3 Antibiotics Resistance of Escherichia coli on Selected Antibiotics 18
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
3.1 Percentage of Escherichia coli resistance to antibiotics 19
3.2 Growth of E. coli on EMB 20
3.3 Showing the susceptibility and resistance of E. coli to different antibiotics 21
3.4 Showing the susceptibility and resistance of E. coli to different antibiotics. 22
Abstract
Fish culture is a relatively new enterprise in the developing world, especially in Africa. However, there are a number of constraints to its growth which include infection by bacteria. The increasing use of antibiotics in treating farm and aquatic animals have resulted in development of resistance among the microbes that could transfer resistance factors to another bacteria, making consumers vulnerable to the resistant bacteria. Therefore this study investigated the resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from 4 Catfish ponds water in Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria. The E. coli were identified morphologically and Biochemically. The total microbial load of the fish ponds water sampled ranged from 6.1 × 103 Cfu/ml to 9.1×103 Cfu/ml. E. coli strains were highly resistant to Cloxacillin (100%), Streptomycin (100%), Tetracycline (100%), Chloramphenicol (100%) and Augumentin (90%). The isolates were sensitive to Ofloxacin (35%), Ceftazidine (40%) and Gentamicin (28%). While the study concluded that catfish ponds water are unhygienic and can cause harm to fish reared in the water and those that consume catfish, long-age practice of using antibiotics as growth promoter in agriculture should be discouraged.
Keywords: Escherichia coli, Antibiotic resistance, Catfish Pond
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