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CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BACTERIA AND FUNGI ISOLATES ASSOCIATED WITH SACHET TOMATOES
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Aim and Objectives of the Study 3
1.2.1 Aim of the Study
1.2.2 General Objectives of the Study
CHAPTER TWO 4
2.0 Literature Review 4
2.1 Tomatoes 4
2.2 Spoilage of Tomatoes 5
2.3 Studies on Bacteria and Fungi Spoilage of Sachet and Canned Tomato 7
CHAPTER THREE 10
3.0 Material and Methods 10
3.1 Study Area 10
3.2 Sample Collection 10
3.3 Isolation Media 10
3.4 Serial Dilution 10
3.5 Determination of Moisture Content 10
3.6 Isolation and Identification of Bacterial 11
3.6.1 Gram's Staining Reaction 11
3.6.2 Catalase 12
3.6.3 Oxidase Test 12
3.6.4 Citrate Test 12
3.6.5 Urease Test 12
3.6.6 Indole Test 13
3.6.7 Kligler Iron Test 13
3.7 Isolation of Fungi 13
3.7.1 Morphological and Microscopic Identification of Fungi 14
3.8 Antibiotic Susceptibility Test 14
CHAPTER FOUR 16
4.0 Results 16
CHAPTER FIVE 28
5.0 Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations 28
5.1 Discussion 28
5.2 Conclusion 30
5.3 Recommendations 30
REFERENCES 32
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGES
4.1 Production and Expiry dates with appearance of spoilt and whole sachet
tomato paste 18
4.2 Microbial Load of spoilt Sachet Tomato Paste Samples 19
4.3 Morphological Characteristics of bacteria isolates recovered from Sachet
Tomato Paste Samples 20
4.4 Biochemical Characterization of bacteria isolates recovered from Sachet Tomato Paste Samples 22
4.5 Morphological Identification of fungi recovered from Sachet Tomato paste on
Potato Dextrose Agar 24
4.6 Rate of Occurrence of bacteria from Sachet Tomato Paste Sample 25
4.7 Microorganisms recovered from each Tomato Paste Sample 26
4.8 Moisture Content of Spoilt and whole Sachet Tomato paste 27
4.9 Zone of inhibition (in mm) of antibiotics susceptibility test performed on gram positive bacteria isolates 28
4.10 Zone of inhibition (in mm) of antibiotics susceptibility test performed on gram negative bacteria isolates 29
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), is one of the most important vegetable crop of the Solanaceae family, grown all over the world for food and other economic purposes. This study determined the moisture content of whole and spoilt sachet tomato paste purchased from Ago-Iwoye and Ketu markets in Ogun and Lagos State respectively. The pathogenic microorganisms associated with the samples were isolated and characterized using standard microbiological techniques. The aerobic count of spoilt sachet tomato paste samples ranged from 1.5 x 104 to 9.0 x 104. The coliform count of spoilt tomato paste samples ranged from 1.0 x 104 to 6.5 x 104. The anaerobic plate count ranged from 0.3 x 104 to 3.0 x 104. The fungal count ranged from 0.1 x 104 to 0.2 x 104. The bacteria recovered with their occurrence were Bacillus sp., (21%) Clostridium sp. (22%), Proteus mirabilis (19%), Klebsiella aerogenes 10%) and Lactobacillus spp (28%) while the whole sachet tomatoes did not have any growth. The fungi isolates identified were Aspergillus sp. and Penicillum sp. The moisture content of the spoilt samples ranged from 62% to 82% while whole samples ranged from 80 to 96%. For antibiotics susceptibility testing, 68% of the bacteria isolates were susceptible to erythromycin followed by vancomycin with 40%, ciprofloxacin with 36% and clindamycin with 32%. Also, 41% of the bacteria isolates were susceptible to amoxycillin, followed by ceftadizime with 6% while none of the bacteria isolates were susceptible to cefpodoxime. The recovery of the above mention pathogenic bacteria calls for concern retailer of sachet tomato should be trained to destroyed sachet tomatoes that are no longer safe for human consumption.
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