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NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale AND FERMENTED Citrullus vulgaris

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                                                                                   1

1.1       Background to the Study                                                                               1

1.2       Statement of the Problem                                                                               4

1.3       Aim of the Study                                                                                            4

1.4       Objectives of the Study                                                                                  4

1.5       Justification of the Study                                                                               5

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW                                                                        6

2.1       Citrullus vulgaris (Ogiri)                                                                                 6

2.1.1    Botanical Description                                                                                     6

2.1.2    Phytochemical Constituents of Citrullus vulgaris (Ogiri)                               9

2.2       Curcuma longa (Turmeric)                                                                             10

2.2.1    Chemical Constituents of Curcuma longa (Turmeric)                                    14

2.2.2    Turmeric Consumption                                                                                   14

2.2.3    Medicinal Uses                                                                                               15

2.2.4    Pharmacological Actions                                                                                16

2.2.4.1 Action on Gastrointestinal System                                                                 16

2.2.4.2 Dyspepsia and Gastric Ulcer                                                                          17

2.2.4.3 Action on Cardiovascular System                                                                  18

2.2.4.4 Anti-inflammatory Activity                                                                            19

2.2.4.5 Antioxidant Effect                                                                                         20

2.3       Zingiber officinale (Ginger)                                                                             21

2.3.1    Active Constituents                                                                                        24

2.3.2    Nutritional Composition                                                                                 25

2.3.3    Anti-oxidant action                                                                                         26

2.3.4    Anti- inflammatory                                                                                         26

2.3.5    Anti-tumor                                                                                                      26

CHAPTER THREE                                                                                                    27

3.0       Materials and Methods                                                                                   27

3.1       Study Area                                                                                                      27

3.2       Plant Collection                                                                                              27

3.3       Plant Identification                                                                                         27

3.4       Sample Preparation                                                                                         27

3.5       Mineral Analysis                                                                                             28

3.5.1    Metal analysis on AAS                                                                                   28

3.5.2    Potassium and Sodium analysis on Flame Photometer                                   28

3.5.3    Colorimetric Determination of Phosphate                                                      29

3.6       Proximate Analysis                                                                                         30

3.6.1    Crude protein determination                                                                           30

3.6.2    Adapted Auto-Analyzer Method for Nitrogen                                              31

3.6.3    Determination of Ash                                                                                     32

3.6.4    Fibre Determination                                                                                        32

3.6.5    Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE)                                                                          33

3.6.6    Crude Fat or Ether Extract                                                                             33

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS                                                                                  36

CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and Conclusion                                                          54

5.1       Discussion                                                                                                       54

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                      56

References                                                                                                                  57        

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE          TITLE                                                                                                PAGES

4.1       Proximate Analysis of Samples                                                                      38

4.2       Mineral Content (Mg/Kg) of the Samples                                                      47

Abstract

This study investigated the nutritional composition of Curcuma longa (Turmeric), Zingiber officinale (Ginger) and fermented Citrullus vulgaris (Ogiri).

            Ogiri and ginger rhizome were purchased from Ago-Iwoye market in Ogun State while rhizome of turmeric was gotten from New Market Ijebu, Ogun State. The recipes were identified in the Department of Soil Science, Forestry Research Institute of Nigerian, Ibadan. The turmeric rhizome and ginger rhizome were peeled and diced, while they were oven dried with ogiri at 45oC before each sample was powdered and packaged ready for analysis. The samples were taken to the laboratory to detect the value of proximate composition (crude protein, crude fat, total ash, moisture content, dry matter and nitrogen free extract) and mineral content analysis (calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium and phosphorus)  using Standard Method of the Association of Official analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2000).

            From the result of proximate analysis, there was significant differences in Dry matter values. However, there were no significant difference between Ogiri combine with Ginger and Ogiri combine with Tumeric in Crude protein, Crude fat and Total ash values while there were significant differences in other spices. There was also no significant differences between Turmeric and Ogiri combine with Ginger in Crude Crude fibre and Moisture content values while there was significant differences in other spices. Also, there was no significant difference between Ogiri combine with Ginger, Ogiri combine with Tumeric and Ogiri combine with Ginger combine with Tumeric in Nitrogen Free Extract values. Also, from the result of mineral content analysis, there was significant differences in Sodium, Potassium and Phosphorus values. Meanwhile, there was no significant differences between Ginger and Ogiri combine with Ginger in Calcium values. There was also no significant differences between Ginger and Ginger combine with Tumeric in Magnesium values. And also, there was no significant difference between Ogiri and Ogiri combine with Ginger in Iron values. 

            It was concluded that the recipe; Tumeric, Ogiri, Ginger, Ogiri in combination with Tumeric, Ogiri in combination, and Ogiri in combination with Ginger and Tumeric were highly nutritious and rich in mineral. However, there was significant difference in the proximate and mineral content of all the samples. The combined recipe were more nutritious and rich in mineral content than the single recipes. 

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