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NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale AND FERMENTED Citrullus vulgaris
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Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 4
1.3 Aim of the Study 4
1.4 Objectives of the Study 4
1.5 Justification of the Study 5
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 Citrullus vulgaris (Ogiri) 6
2.1.1 Botanical Description 6
2.1.2 Phytochemical Constituents of Citrullus vulgaris (Ogiri) 9
2.2 Curcuma longa (Turmeric) 10
2.2.1 Chemical Constituents of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) 14
2.2.2 Turmeric Consumption 14
2.2.3 Medicinal Uses 15
2.2.4 Pharmacological Actions 16
2.2.4.1 Action on Gastrointestinal System 16
2.2.4.2 Dyspepsia and Gastric Ulcer 17
2.2.4.3 Action on Cardiovascular System 18
2.2.4.4 Anti-inflammatory Activity 19
2.2.4.5 Antioxidant Effect 20
2.3 Zingiber officinale (Ginger) 21
2.3.1 Active Constituents 24
2.3.2 Nutritional Composition 25
2.3.3 Anti-oxidant action 26
2.3.4 Anti- inflammatory 26
2.3.5 Anti-tumor 26
CHAPTER THREE 27
3.0 Materials and Methods 27
3.1 Study Area 27
3.2 Plant Collection 27
3.3 Plant Identification 27
3.4 Sample Preparation 27
3.5 Mineral Analysis 28
3.5.1 Metal analysis on AAS 28
3.5.2 Potassium and Sodium analysis on Flame Photometer 28
3.5.3 Colorimetric Determination of Phosphate 29
3.6 Proximate Analysis 30
3.6.1 Crude protein determination 30
3.6.2 Adapted Auto-Analyzer Method for Nitrogen 31
3.6.3 Determination of Ash 32
3.6.4 Fibre Determination 32
3.6.5 Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) 33
3.6.6 Crude Fat or Ether Extract 33
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 36
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and Conclusion 54
5.1 Discussion 54
5.2 Conclusion 56
References 57
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGES
4.1 Proximate Analysis of Samples 38
4.2 Mineral Content (Mg/Kg) of the Samples 47
Abstract
This study investigated the nutritional composition of Curcuma longa (Turmeric), Zingiber officinale (Ginger) and fermented Citrullus vulgaris (Ogiri).
Ogiri and ginger rhizome were purchased from Ago-Iwoye market in Ogun State while rhizome of turmeric was gotten from New Market Ijebu, Ogun State. The recipes were identified in the Department of Soil Science, Forestry Research Institute of Nigerian, Ibadan. The turmeric rhizome and ginger rhizome were peeled and diced, while they were oven dried with ogiri at 45oC before each sample was powdered and packaged ready for analysis. The samples were taken to the laboratory to detect the value of proximate composition (crude protein, crude fat, total ash, moisture content, dry matter and nitrogen free extract) and mineral content analysis (calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium and phosphorus) using Standard Method of the Association of Official analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2000).
From the result of proximate analysis, there was significant differences in Dry matter values. However, there were no significant difference between Ogiri combine with Ginger and Ogiri combine with Tumeric in Crude protein, Crude fat and Total ash values while there were significant differences in other spices. There was also no significant differences between Turmeric and Ogiri combine with Ginger in Crude Crude fibre and Moisture content values while there was significant differences in other spices. Also, there was no significant difference between Ogiri combine with Ginger, Ogiri combine with Tumeric and Ogiri combine with Ginger combine with Tumeric in Nitrogen Free Extract values. Also, from the result of mineral content analysis, there was significant differences in Sodium, Potassium and Phosphorus values. Meanwhile, there was no significant differences between Ginger and Ogiri combine with Ginger in Calcium values. There was also no significant differences between Ginger and Ginger combine with Tumeric in Magnesium values. And also, there was no significant difference between Ogiri and Ogiri combine with Ginger in Iron values.
It was concluded that the recipe; Tumeric, Ogiri, Ginger, Ogiri in combination with Tumeric, Ogiri in combination, and Ogiri in combination with Ginger and Tumeric were highly nutritious and rich in mineral. However, there was significant difference in the proximate and mineral content of all the samples. The combined recipe were more nutritious and rich in mineral content than the single recipes.
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