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OCCURRENCE AND ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN SALAD VEGETABLES
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Objective of the Study 4
1.3 Significance of the Study 5
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 6
2.1 The Opportunistic Pathogen Listeria Monocytogenes 6
2.2 Occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in vegetables and ready to eat food 8
2.3 Illness Caused by Listeria Monocytogenes 9
2.4 Vegetable and Vegetable Salad 10
2.5 health-benefiting properties of fruits and vegetables 11
2.6 Contamination of Vegetables by Listeria Monocytogenes 12
2.6.1 Contamination of Listeria Monocytogenes in the Post-Harvest Environment 13
2.6.2 Contamination during Produce Distribution 14
2.6.3 Contamination in the Retail Environment 14
2.7 Recent Outbreaks of Listeriosis 16
2.8 Listeria Monocytogenes Sensitivity to Antibiotics 18
2.9 Isolation and Media used for Listeria Monocytogenes 20
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Method 21
3.1 Sample Collection 21
3.2 Sterilization and Aseptic Techniques 21
3.3 Media and Reagent 22
3.4 Isolation of Listeria Monocytogenes 23
3.4.1 Sample Preparation 23
3.4.2 Aerobic Plate Count 24
3.4.3 Total Coliform Count 24
3.4.4 Selective Enrichment with Isolation 24
3.5 Identification of Listeria Monocytogenes Isolates 25
3.5.1 Morphological Characteristics 25
3.5.2 Microscopic Examination 25
3.5.3 Biochemical Tests 26
3.6 Antibiotic Susceptibility 28
3.7 Statistical Analysis 29
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 30
4.1 Total Aerobic Plate Count 30
4.2 Total Coliform Count 30
4.3 Total Listeria spp. Count 30
4.4 Identification Of Isolates 34
4.5 Occurrence of Listeria Monocytogenes 37
4.6 Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern 43
CHAPTER FIVE 46
5.1 Discussion 46
5.2 Conclusion 52
References 53
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Pages
4.1 Total aerobic plate count of salad vegetable vsamples on nutrient agar 31
4.2 Total coliform count of salad vegetables samples on macconkey agar plate 32
4.3 Total listeria spp. Count of salad vegetables samples 33
4.4 morphology characteristics of listeria Monocytogenes isolated from salad
vegetables samples on Brilliance listeria agar 35
4.5 Biochemical properties of listeria species isolated from salad vegetable
samples 36
4.6 Prevalence of listeria monocytogenes isolated from salad vegetable
Samples 38
4.6 Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of listeria species Isolated from salad
vegetables 44
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures Title Pages
4:1 Comparison between Listeria spp and listeria moncytogenes isolates
in vegetables 39
4.2 Percentage of Listeria monocytogenes in Carrot 40
4.3 Percentage of Listeria monocytogenes in Carrot 41
4.4 Percentage of Listeria monocytogenes in Cabbage 42
4.5 Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Listeria species isolated from salad
vegetables 45
Abstract
The occurrence and antibiotic resistant patterns of Listeria monocytogenes in salad vegetables collected from open markets in Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State was investigated using standard microbiological standards. Twenty five (25) samples were samples of salad vegetable which included 10 cucumber, 9 carrot and 6 cabbage was purchased from different locations. The total aerobic plate count, coliform count and listeria spp. count of the samples were done by spread plate method on Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and Brilliance Listeria Agar respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolatds Listeria spp. to antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar.
The mean aerobic plate count obtained from the samples was 5.25 x 105 cfu/g and ranged from 3.4 x 105 cfu/g to 1.2 x 106 cfu/g. Also, mean total coliform count obtained from the samples was 5.72 and ranged from 3.0 x 105 cfu/g to 1.83 x 106 cfu/g. The mean count for total Listeria spp. was 6.57 and ranged from 3.0 x 101 cfu/g to 10.1 x 101 cfu/g.
A total of twenty two (22) Listeria spp. were recovered from the salad vegetables sampled. Listeria spp. Fourteen n=14 (6.3.6%) were positive for Listeria monocytogenes out of which eight n=8 (36.4%) were positive for Listeria spp. Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes was significantly higher in cabbage (57.8%) than in cucumber 4(57.2%) while the percentage of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from carrots was 3(50%). A significant higher percentage was isolated in cabbage 7(57.8%) while 4(57.2%) was isolated in Cucumber. In the study, Listeria monocytogenes were highly susceptible to Gentamycin 20 (90.9%), Ampicillin 11(50%), Vancomycin 8(40%) and Amoxicillin 5 (22.7%). All of the Listeria monocytogenes were resistance to Oaxacillin 22(100%) and Trimethoprim 22(100%), followed by Amoxicillin 16(72.7%) and Vacomycin 12(54.5%). Resistance to Ampicillin was encountered in 7 (31.8%).
The study therefore shows that L. monocytogenes occur in salad vegetables sold in Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria, therefore, adequate precaution should be taken in preparing these vegetables for both human and animal consumption. Also, the antimicrobial resistance pattern shown by the isolates is an indication that adequate measure need be taken to regulate drug use in both humans and animals in order to minimize the risk of increasing antimicrobial resistance.
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