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MICROBIAL EVALUATION OF GARRI IN IJEBU COMMUNITY
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Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Motivation for the Study 4
1.3 Aim and Objective of the Study 4
1.3.1 Aim of the Study 4
1.3.2 Objectives of the Study 4
1.4 Scope of the Study 5
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 Garri 6
2.2 Production of Garri 7
2.3 Types of Garri 9
2.4 Nutrition Facts about Garri 10
2.5 Microbial Quality of Garri 11
2.6 Effect of Some Microbes found in Garri on the Human Body 12
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS 16
3.0 Study Area 16
3.1 Collection of Samples 16
3.2 Sterilization and Aseptic Techniques 16
3.3 Instrument and Glassware 17
3.4 Media Used 17
3.5 Determination of Microbial Load 18
3.5.1 Sample Preparation 18
3.6 Isolation of Microorganism 18
3.7 Identification of Bacteria Isolates 19
3.7.1 Morphological Characteristics 19
3.8 Identification and Characterization of Bacterial Isolated 19
3.8.1 Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining 20
3.8.2 Indole Test 20
3.8.3 Catalase test 21
3.8.4 MRVP test 21
3.8.5 Citrate Utilization Test 22
3.9 Lactophenol Staining 22
3.10 Determination of pH and moisture content of garri samples 23
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 24
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 31
5.1 Discussion 31
5.2 Conclusion 33
5.3 Recommendation 33
References 35
LIST OF TABLES
Table Tile Page
4.1 Mean total Coliform count of garri samples 25
4.2 Fungi Count of Garri Sample 26
4.3 Determination of pH Contents in Garri samples 27
4.4 Biochemical characteristics of bacterial isolates from soil samples 28
4.5 Characteristics of the Fungal Isolates 29
4.6 Frequency Occurrence of Isolated Organisms 30
Abstract
The sale and distribution of garri in local markets is associated with practices such as display of product in open buckets, bowls and mats at points of sale and the use of bare hands during handling and sales.These unhygienic practices may lead to microbial contamination due to deposition of bioaerosols on exposed products, transfer of microbes from dirty hands and utensils and frequent visits by animals and fomites. This study was carried out to evaluate microbial of garri in ijebu community. Six garri samples were randomly collected from six retail sellers in three towns of Ijebu-igbo, Ago-Iwoye and Oru Ijebu in Ijebu-north Local Government Area of Ogun State. Samples were serially diluted to 102 and appropriate dilutions inoculated by spread plate method onto Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and Potato-Dextrose agar plates for Total aerobic plate count (TAPC), Coliform count (CC) and Fungal count respectively. The microbial load of garri ranged from 3.0 x 102 to 3.0 x 103 for coliform count and 3.0 x 103 to 4.0 x 103 for fungal count. The pH ranged content ranged from 4.78 to 4.90. A total number of fourteen (14) bacteria isolates belonging to five genera were isolated. The occurrence were Escherichia coli (4), Staphylococcus aureus (3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3), Bacillus spp. (2) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2). A total of nine (9) fungi isolates were isolated. They were occurrence percentage were Aspergillus flavus 1(11.11%), Aspergillus niger 2(22.22%), Penicillium sp. 2(22.22%), Fusarium sp. 1(11.11), Candida albican 2(22.22) and molds 1(11.11%). Application of good manufacturing practices (GMP) and HACCP in garri production is imperative.
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