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MICROBIAL EVALUATION OF GARRI IN IJEBU COMMUNITY

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                                                          1

1.1      Background to the Study                                                                  1

1.2      Motivation for the Study                                                                   4

1.3      Aim and Objective of the Study                                                        4

1.3.1   Aim of the Study                                                                              4

1.3.2   Objectives of the Study                                                                    4

1.4      Scope of the Study                                                                           5

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW                                               6

2.1      Garri                                                                                               6

2.2      Production of Garri                                                                          7

2.3      Types of Garri                                                                                 9

2.4      Nutrition Facts about Garri                                                               10

2.5      Microbial Quality of Garri                                                                11

2.6      Effect of Some Microbes found in Garri on the Human Body             12

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS                                 16

3.0      Study Area                                                                                      16

3.1      Collection of Samples                                                                      16

3.2      Sterilization and Aseptic Techniques                                                16

3.3      Instrument and Glassware                                                                17

3.4      Media Used                                                                                     17

3.5      Determination of Microbial Load                                                      18

3.5.1   Sample Preparation                                                                          18

3.6      Isolation of Microorganism                                                              18

3.7      Identification of Bacteria Isolates                                                      19

3.7.1   Morphological Characteristics                                                          19

3.8      Identification and Characterization of Bacterial Isolated                     19

3.8.1   Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining                   20

3.8.2   Indole Test                                                                                      20

3.8.3   Catalase test                                                                                     21

3.8.4   MRVP test                                                                                       21

3.8.5   Citrate Utilization Test                                                                     22

3.9      Lactophenol Staining                                                                        22

3.10    Determination of pH and moisture content of garri samples                     23

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS                                                                    24

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION                              31

5.1      Discussion                                                                                       31

5.2      Conclusion                                                                                      33

5.3      Recommendation                                                                             33

References                                                                                                 35



LIST OF TABLES

Table Tile                                                                                                 Page

4.1      Mean total Coliform count of garri samples                                       25

4.2       Fungi Count of Garri Sample                                                                         26

4.3      Determination of pH Contents in Garri samples                                 27

4.4      Biochemical characteristics of bacterial isolates from soil samples         28

4.5       Characteristics of the Fungal Isolates                                                             29

4.6      Frequency Occurrence of Isolated Organisms                                    30

Abstract

The sale and distribution of garri in local markets is associated with practices such as display of product in open buckets, bowls and mats at points of sale and the use of bare hands during handling and sales.These unhygienic practices may lead to microbial contamination due to deposition of bioaerosols on exposed products, transfer of microbes from dirty hands and utensils and frequent visits by animals and fomites. This study was carried out to evaluate microbial of garri in ijebu community. Six garri samples were randomly collected from six retail sellers in three towns of Ijebu-igbo, Ago-Iwoye and Oru Ijebu in Ijebu-north Local Government Area of Ogun State. Samples were serially diluted to 102 and appropriate dilutions inoculated by spread plate method onto Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and Potato-Dextrose agar plates for Total aerobic plate count (TAPC), Coliform count (CC) and Fungal count respectively. The microbial load of garri ranged from 3.0 x 102 to 3.0 x 103 for coliform count and 3.0 x 103 to 4.0 x 103 for fungal count. The pH ranged content ranged from 4.78 to 4.90. A total number of fourteen (14) bacteria isolates belonging to five genera were isolated. The occurrence were Escherichia coli (4), Staphylococcus aureus (3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3), Bacillus spp. (2) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2). A total of nine (9) fungi isolates were isolated. They were occurrence percentage were Aspergillus flavus 1(11.11%), Aspergillus niger 2(22.22%), Penicillium sp. 2(22.22%), Fusarium sp. 1(11.11), Candida albican 2(22.22) and molds 1(11.11%). Application of good manufacturing practices (GMP) and HACCP in garri production is imperative. 

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