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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PATTERN OF REPORTED ROAD ACCIDENT CASES IN OYO-IBADAN EXPRESS WAY
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Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 4
1.3 Objective of the Study 5
1.4 Significance of the Study 6
1.5 Scope and Limited of the study 6
1.6 Organization of Study 6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 8
2.1 Conceptual Issues 8
2.1.1 Accident Hotspots 8
2.1.2 Road Traffic Accidents 9
2.1.2.1 Causes of Road Traffic Accidents 11
2.2 Theoretical Framework 15
2.2.1 System Theory 15
2.2.1.1 Model for Traffic Accidents 15
2.2.2 Risk Theory 25
2.3 Empirical Findings 28
2.3.1 The Type of Vehicle, Environment and Weather 29
2.3.2 The Condition of Road, Design and Geometry 30
2.3.3 Causes of Accidents 32
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 35
3.1. Unit Root Tests 36
3.2 Stationary Time Series Model 38
3.2.1 Covariance Stationarity (Weakly Stationarity) 38
3.2.2 Partial Autocorrelations (PAC) 40
3.3 Stability Condition for an AR (P) Process 41
3.4 Stability Condition for MA (1) Process 43
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS ON RESULTS 46
4.0 Introduction 46
4.1 Stationarity Test 46
4.2 Model Fitting, Selection and Diagnostics 49
4.2.1 Least Square Trend 49
4.2.2 ACF and PACF of the First Difference of Accident Rate 51
4.4 Predicting Values with their Corresponding Standard Error 52
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 53
5.1 Conclusion 53
5.2 Recommendation 53
REFERENCES 53
APPENDIX 57
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
4.1 Monthly Reported Road Accidents 46
4.2 ADF and PP Test on Original Data 48
4.3 ADF and PP test on Difference of the Data 48
4.4 Estimation of the trend Values by Least Square 50
4.5 The following are the list of possible models with their AIC 51
4.6 Parameter Estimation 51
4.7 Forecast of the Data values to the nearest whole number 52
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure Title Page
4.1 Time plot of monthly reported road accidents 47
Abstract
There is increase in road accidents in Nigeria and despite the efforts of Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) in tackling the menace, it is as if there is no much result. This research aims to find a suitable time series model to forecast the future characteristics of the road accident data on Oyo-Ibadan express road. The data used for this study was monthly data collected for a period of Eleven years between 2004-2014. In achieving this, the additive model approach was adopted in the analysis. It includes the estimation of trend, seasonal variation and random variation using moving average method. Autoregressive Moving average model were also fitted to the data and the best order was choosing using Akaike Information Criteria (AIC). The order = c (1, 1, 2), seasonal = c (1, 1, 2)) gives the best description of the data with minimum (AIC). A forecast based on the model obtained was made by the use of m-step predictor. Judging from the result, accidents and deaths are higher during the festive period months because of the various festivities lined up during this period, which involve much more traveling than usual.
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