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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PATTERN OF REPORTED ROAD ACCIDENT CASES IN OYO-IBADAN EXPRESS WAY

Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                                                                1

1.1     Background to the Study                                                                         1

1.2     Statement of the Problem                                                                         4

1.3     Objective of the Study                                                                             5

1.4     Significance of the Study                                                                         6

1.5     Scope and Limited of the study                                                               6

1.6     Organization of Study                                                                              6

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW                                                         8

2.1     Conceptual Issues                                                                                    8

2.1.1  Accident Hotspots                                                                                    8

2.1.2  Road Traffic Accidents                                                                            9

2.1.2.1 Causes of Road Traffic Accidents                                                          11

2.2     Theoretical Framework                                                                            15

2.2.1 System Theory                                                                                         15

2.2.1.1 Model for Traffic Accidents                                                                   15

2.2.2 Risk Theory                                                                                               25

2.3     Empirical Findings                                                                                  28

2.3.1  The Type of Vehicle, Environment and Weather                                    29

2.3.2 The Condition of Road, Design and Geometry                                        30

2.3.3  Causes of Accidents                                                                                 32

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY                                     35

3.1.    Unit Root Tests                                                                                        36

3.2     Stationary Time Series Model                                                                 38

3.2.1    Covariance Stationarity (Weakly Stationarity)                                        38

3.2.2  Partial Autocorrelations (PAC)                                                                40

3.3     Stability Condition for an AR (P) Process                                               41

3.4     Stability Condition for MA (1) Process                                                   43

CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS ON RESULTS       46

4.0     Introduction                                                                                              46

4.1     Stationarity Test                                                                                       46

4.2     Model Fitting, Selection and Diagnostics                                                49

4.2.1  Least Square Trend                                                                                  49

4.2.2  ACF and PACF of the First Difference of Accident Rate                        51

4.4     Predicting Values with their Corresponding Standard Error            52

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS           53

5.1     Conclusion                                                                                               53

5.2     Recommendation                                                                                     53

REFERENCES                                                                                                  53

APPENDIX                                                                                                        57

 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title                                                                                               Page

4.1     Monthly Reported Road Accidents                                                46

4.2     ADF and PP Test on Original Data                                               48

4.3     ADF and PP test on Difference of the Data                                   48

4.4     Estimation of the trend Values by Least Square                            50

4.5     The following are the list of possible models with their AIC   51

4.6     Parameter Estimation                                                                     51

4.7     Forecast of the Data values to the nearest whole number                   52

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure         Title                                                                                               Page

4.1                Time plot of monthly reported road accidents                               47

Abstract

There is increase in road accidents in Nigeria and despite the efforts of Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) in tackling the menace, it is as if there is no much result. This research aims to find a suitable time series model to forecast the future characteristics of the road accident data on Oyo-Ibadan express road. The data used for this study was monthly data collected for a period of Eleven years between 2004-2014. In achieving this, the additive model approach was adopted in the analysis. It includes the estimation of trend, seasonal variation and random variation using moving average method. Autoregressive Moving average model were also fitted to the data and the best order was choosing using Akaike Information Criteria (AIC). The order = c (1, 1, 2), seasonal = c (1, 1, 2)) gives the best description of the data with minimum (AIC). A forecast based on the model obtained was made by the use of m-step predictor. Judging from the result, accidents and deaths are higher during the festive period months because of the various festivities lined up during this period, which involve much more traveling than usual.

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