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A REVIEW OF RECENT EFFECT OF HERBICIDES AND OTHER PRODUCTS ON SOIL MICROBES
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
CHAPTER TWO 3
2.1 Herbicides 3
2.2 Herbicides Degradation by Microbes 9
2.3 Factors Affecting Microbiological Decomposition of Herbicides 9
CHAPTER THREE 11
3.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil 11
3.1.1 Physical Properties of Soil 11
3.1.2 Chemical Properties 13
3.1.2.1 Soil pH and pH buffering capacity 13
3.1.2.2 Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) 13
3.1.2.3 Cation Exchangeable Capacity and Exchangeable Cation (CEC and ExC) 14
3.1.2.4 Salinity and ESP 14
3.2 Soil Microbial Biomass (SMB) 16
3.2.1 Role of SMB measurements in monitoring soil value 16
3.3 Determination of Soil Properties 19
3.3.1 Soil texture 19
3.3.2 Aggregate stability 19
3.3.3 Soil consistence and soil strength 19
3.3.4 Compactness and absorbency 19
3.3.5 Infiltration and available water 20
CHAPTER FOUR 21
4.0 Effect of Herbicide Application on Soil Microbes 21
4.1 Effect of Organophosphate Herbicide on Soil Biota 21
4.1.1 Effect of Organophosphate Herbicide on Biological Population 21
4.1.2 Effect of Organophosphate Herbicide on Bacteria and Fungi 22
4.1.3 Effect of Organophosphate Herbicide Fauna-Earthworms 23
CHAPTER FIVE: Conclusion 25
REFERENCES 27
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
1 Classification of Herbicides 5
2 Period of Herbicide Degradation in soil 10
3 Suggested acceptable range of values for soil physical quality for moderately vigorous vines on wide spacing (3 x 2 m) 12
4 Suggested range of several soil properties adequate for soil chemical quality for moderately vigorous vines 15
5 Multi-functional roles of soil, together with examples of the microbial processes associated with these functions, considering the roles of soil within sustainable agricultural systems 17
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