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AN ASSESSMENT OF ROLES OF FOREIGN OBSERVERS IN NIGERIAN ELECTORAL CREDITABILITY

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                                                                             

1.1 Background of the Study                                                                                              1 

1.2 Statement of Problem                                                                                                    6

1.3. Research Questions                                                                                                      6

1.4 Significant of the Study                                                                                                            6

1.5 Scope of the Study                                                                                                        7

1.6 Operational Definition of Terms                                                                                 7

CHAPTER TWO:  LITERATURE REVIEW                                                   9

2.1       Theoretical Framework                                                                                           9

2.1.1   Rational Choice Theory                                                                                          9

2.1.2   The Obligations-Based Theory                                                                              11

2.2 Conceptual Framework                                                                                                14

2.2.1 The Concepts of Election Monitoring                                                                     14

2.2.2 Reasons for International Observers' in Maintaining Election Integrity                       15

2.2.3 Trends of Electoral Credibility in Nigeria                                                              17

2.2.4 Sponsors of Foreign Observer Missions                                                                 19

2.2.5Impact of Foreign Observers on Election Credibility in Nigeria                                    21

2.2.6 Rules of Conduct for International Observers                                                       24

2.2.7 Consideration to Observe an Election                                                                    26

2.2.8 Measures to Enhance Election Credibility in Nigeria                                          27

2.3 Empirical studies                                                                                                           29

2.4 Appraisal of literature review                                                                                     30

CHAPTER THREE:  METHODOLOGY                                                                      32

3.1 Research Design                                                                                                            32

3.2 Population                                                                                                                     32

3.3 Sample and Sampling Technique                                                                                32

3.4 Instruments                                                                                                                     33

3.5 Validity of the Instrument                                                                                            33

3.6 Reliability of the Instrument                                                                                        34

3.7 Method of Data Collection                                                                                          34

3.8 Procedures for Data Analysis                                                                                      35

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT                                               36

4.1 Demographic Data Analyses                                                                                       36

4.2 Analyses of Research Questions                                                                                 38

4.2.1   Research Question One                                                                                           38

4.2.2   Research Question Two                                                                                          40

4.2.3   Research Question Three                                                                                        41

4.3 Summary of Findings                                                                                                    43

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION 

            AND RECOMMENDATIONS                                                                             45

5.1 Discussion of Findings                                                                                                             45

5.2 Conclusion                                                                                                                     47

5.3 Recommendations                                                                                                         48

REFERENCES                                                                                                                      49

APPENDIX                                                                                                                            51

Abstract

This study assessed the roles of foreign observers in Nigerian electoral credibility and solution strategies.

Descriptive design of survey type was adopted for this study. A sample of 250 respondents of educated adults within Ijebu North Local Government, Ogun State. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data from the selected respondents. The research questions were analyzed using simple percentage and with the use of statistical tools SPSS version 20.0.

Findings from the study showed that foreign observers disseminates international standards and good practices, experienced observers can detect problems or questionable activities and the example set by international observers can help develop and improve the capacity of national observation efforts are the reasons for foreign observers in Nigeria election. 

Based on the findings, the study recommended as follows:

•         All those caught in the act of bribery and corruption or diverting national resources for illegal campaign spending must be severely punished to deter others in future from doing the same. 

•         The incumbent government must guarantee the security of lives and properties across the country to make the elections safer and credible.

•         INEC and policymakers should ensure that the use of card reader is constituted into law for any election and it must be followed, and they should be made effective to avoid disappointment during the elections.

•         Laws should be made to denote that any party or contestant caught breaking electoral regulations should be banned from participating in politics in Nigeria.

•         The civil societies and international donors should intensify socialization in local language on the evil of vote buying.

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