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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM GROUNDWATER WITHIN POULTRY FARM’S VICINITY

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Table of contents

 

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                                                     1 

1.1       Introduction                                                                                                                1 

1.2       Objective of the Study                                                                                                3 

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                                                    4 

2.1       Water Pollution from Poultry Farm                                                                            4 

2.2       Occurrence of Pathogens in Water Resources                                                           5 

2.3       Drinking Water Treatment Techniques for Agricultural Manure Contaminants            8 

2.4       Drinking Water Treatment Techniques                                                                      9 

2.5       Reports on State of Poultry Farms in Nigeria                                                            10 

2.6       Impact of Poultry Farms on Water in Its Environment                                              12 

2.7       Hygiene State of Poultry Farms in Nigeria                                                                13 

 

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods                                                                         16 

3.1       Selection of Sampling Area                                                                                        16 

3.2       Collection of Samples                                                                                                16 

3.3       Materials and Apparatus Used                                                                                    17 

3.4       Sterilization of Glassware                                                                                          17 

3.5       Media Preparation                                                                                                      17 

3.6       Isolation and Identification of Bacteria                                                                      17 

3.7       Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolated                                                         18 

3.7.1    Gram Staining Techniques                                                                                         18 

3.7.2    Catalase Test                                                                                                               19 

3.7.3    Citrate Utilisation Test                                                                                               19 

3.7.4    Urease Test                                                                                                                 19 

3.7.5    Indole Test                                                                                                                  20 

3.8       Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Using Diffusion Method                                       20 

3.9       Determination of Multiple Antibiotic Resistances                                                    21 

CHAPTER FOUR: Results                                                                                                    22 

4.1       The Percentage and Occurrence of Bacteria in Poultry Water Sample                        22 

4.2       Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Isolated Bacteria                      22 

4.3       Total Coliform Count of Sampled Water                                                                   25 

4.4       Total Viable Count of Sampled Water                                                                       25 

4.5       Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing                                                                         25 

CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion                                                                                                30 

References                                                                                                                              33 

LIST OF TABLES 

Tables             Title                                                                                                    Pages 

4.1       Frequency of Occurrence of Isolated Bacteria from Poultry Farm Water                 23 

4.2       Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Bacteria Isolate from     

            Poultry Farm Water                                                                                                    24 

4.3       Total Coliform Count of Poultry Water Sample                                                        26 

4.4       Total Viable Count of Poultry Water Sample                                                            27 

4.5       Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Isolate Bacteria to Selected Antibiotics      28 

Abstract

 

Inspite of evident benefits of poultry farming, it is reported to constitute environmental and health risk through water pollution, especially in situations where poultry wastes are not properly managed. This study investigated the microbial pollution of ground water within the vicinity of poultry farm. 

A total of eight (8) samples were collected from four different sites and used for analysis in this study. Isolations were done by pour plate method using selective agar (Eosin methylene blue agar, Xylose lysine deoxychocolate Agar and MacConkey agar by Oxoid). Total coliform and viable count were determined by pour plate method in Macconkey and Nutrient agar respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility was done using disc diffusion method using five antibiotics; amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, oyytetracyclin and ceftazidim. 

A total of 32 isolates were obtained from the poultry water source. Total coliform count of the samples ranged from 5.0 x 105 cfu/ml to 12.5 x 105 cfu/ml while total viable count of the samples ranged from 1.12 x 107 cfu/ml to 2.50 x 107 cfu/ml. 

The result showed the poultry farm water sources habour microorganisms such as Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. The antimicrobial susceptibility test reviewed 100% sensitivity to oxytetracycline closely followed by ciprofloxacin (81.3%). The organism were resistant to streptomycin (68.8%), followed by ceftazidim (62.5%) and amoxicillin (50%). There is need for proper monitoring of hygiene and antimicrobial usage in poultry farms in order to curb spread of resistance as a result of poultry activities in Nigeria. 

 

Word Count: 248 

Keywords: Poultry farm, groundwater, antibiotics resistance. 

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