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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM GROUNDWATER WITHIN POULTRY FARM’S VICINITY
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Objective of the Study 3
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 4
2.1 Water Pollution from Poultry Farm 4
2.2 Occurrence of Pathogens in Water Resources 5
2.3 Drinking Water Treatment Techniques for Agricultural Manure Contaminants 8
2.4 Drinking Water Treatment Techniques 9
2.5 Reports on State of Poultry Farms in Nigeria 10
2.6 Impact of Poultry Farms on Water in Its Environment 12
2.7 Hygiene State of Poultry Farms in Nigeria 13
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods 16
3.1 Selection of Sampling Area 16
3.2 Collection of Samples 16
3.3 Materials and Apparatus Used 17
3.4 Sterilization of Glassware 17
3.5 Media Preparation 17
3.6 Isolation and Identification of Bacteria 17
3.7 Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolated 18
3.7.1 Gram Staining Techniques 18
3.7.2 Catalase Test 19
3.7.3 Citrate Utilisation Test 19
3.7.4 Urease Test 19
3.7.5 Indole Test 20
3.8 Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Using Diffusion Method 20
3.9 Determination of Multiple Antibiotic Resistances 21
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 22
4.1 The Percentage and Occurrence of Bacteria in Poultry Water Sample 22
4.2 Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Isolated Bacteria 22
4.3 Total Coliform Count of Sampled Water 25
4.4 Total Viable Count of Sampled Water 25
4.5 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing 25
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion 30
References 33
LIST OF TABLES
Tables Title Pages
4.1 Frequency of Occurrence of Isolated Bacteria from Poultry Farm Water 23
4.2 Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Bacteria Isolate from
Poultry Farm Water 24
4.3 Total Coliform Count of Poultry Water Sample 26
4.4 Total Viable Count of Poultry Water Sample 27
4.5 Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Isolate Bacteria to Selected Antibiotics 28
Abstract
Inspite of evident benefits of poultry farming, it is reported to constitute environmental and health risk through water pollution, especially in situations where poultry wastes are not properly managed. This study investigated the microbial pollution of ground water within the vicinity of poultry farm.
A total of eight (8) samples were collected from four different sites and used for analysis in this study. Isolations were done by pour plate method using selective agar (Eosin methylene blue agar, Xylose lysine deoxychocolate Agar and MacConkey agar by Oxoid). Total coliform and viable count were determined by pour plate method in Macconkey and Nutrient agar respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility was done using disc diffusion method using five antibiotics; amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, oyytetracyclin and ceftazidim.
A total of 32 isolates were obtained from the poultry water source. Total coliform count of the samples ranged from 5.0 x 105 cfu/ml to 12.5 x 105 cfu/ml while total viable count of the samples ranged from 1.12 x 107 cfu/ml to 2.50 x 107 cfu/ml.
The result showed the poultry farm water sources habour microorganisms such as Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. The antimicrobial susceptibility test reviewed 100% sensitivity to oxytetracycline closely followed by ciprofloxacin (81.3%). The organism were resistant to streptomycin (68.8%), followed by ceftazidim (62.5%) and amoxicillin (50%). There is need for proper monitoring of hygiene and antimicrobial usage in poultry farms in order to curb spread of resistance as a result of poultry activities in Nigeria.
Word Count: 248
Keywords: Poultry farm, groundwater, antibiotics resistance.
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