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BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF AIR SAMPLES IN FOOD CANTEENS OF UNIVERSITY AND THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO COMMON ANTIBIOTICS
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aim of the Study 4
1.3 Objective of the Study 5
1.4 Justification of the Study 5
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 6
2.1. Airborne Microbial Contamination 6
2.2 Bacteriological Examination of Air 8
2.3 Bacteria in Indoor Air 8
2.4 Some Bacteria Associated with Air Contamination 10
2.4.1 Escherichia coli 10
2.4.2. Salmonella spp. 12
2.4.3 Shigella spp. 13
2.4.4 Klebsiella spp. 14
2.4.5 Pseudomonas spp. 14
2.4.6 Staphylococcus spp. 15
2.5 Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents 16
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Method 18
3.1 Study Area 18
3.2 Air Sampling 18
3.3 Isolation Media 18
3.4 Isolation of Bacterial 18
3.5 Characterization of Bacterial Isolate 19
3.5.1 Gram's Staining Reaction 19
3.5.2 Catalase 20
3.5.3 Oxidase Test 20
3.5.4 Indole Test 20
3.5.5 Citrate Test 21
3.5.6 Coagulase Test 21
3.5.7 Sugar Fermentation Test 21
3.6. Antibiotic Resistance Test 22
3.6.1 Preparation of Inoculum 22
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 24
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations 32
5.1 Discussion of Results 32
5.2 Conclusion 34
5.3 Recommendations 34
References 35
Appendix 41
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
4.1 Total bacterial count of air sample in food canteens 25
4.2 Morphological characterization of bacteria isolates from food canteen 26
4.3 Biochemical characterization of bacteria isolates from food canteen 27
4.4 Percentage occurrence of bacterial isolates from air sample in
food canteen 28
4.5 Zones of inhibition of the antibiotic susceptibility test performed
on the isolate (mm) 29
4.6 Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates to the Antibiotics 30
LIST IF FIGURES
List Title Page
4.1 Chart showing susceptibility of the isolates to the different antibiotics
Abstract
Microbial air contamination in food processing facilities could be a concern and an increase of microbial loads could represent a risk factor, especially for the potential contamination of foods due to undesirable spoiling and pathogenic bacteria. The microbial loads in the air samples ten (10) canteen standard were determined using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotics susceptibility test performed on this isolates were done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The indoor air of the food canteen ranged from 20 to 213 cfu/m3. The highest level of contamination was detected in BB food canteen in the afternoon with microbial load of 213 cfu/m3 and lowest contamination was detected in IB food canteen in the morning with 20 cfu/m3. A total of twenty eight bacteria isolates belonging to five (5) genera were identified. The bacteria identified with percentage occurrence were Staphylococcus aureus (46.5%), Psuedomonas aeruginosa (21.4%), Salmonella spp. (10.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.7%), and Escherichia coli (10.7%). Eighty five (85%) of the bacteria isolates were susceptible to Gentamycin, followed by Erythromycin with 71.4%, Ciprofloxacin with 71.4%, Tetracycline with 14.3% and resistant to Amikacin with 96.4%. This study has showed that bacteria responsible for food poisoning are found in the indoor air of different canteens. There is need for the food handlers to practice good hygiene to prevent foodborne disease.
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