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BACTERIOLOGICAL ENUMERATION OF INTESTINAL ENTEROCOCCI IN RURAL SURFACE DRINKING WATER

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE

1.0           Background to the Study                                                                                            1

1.1       Introduction                                                                                                                1

1.2       Aim of the Study                                                                                                        3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0       Literature Review                                                                                                       4

2.1       Surface water                                                                                                              7

2.2       Quality and monitoring of water                                                                                8

CHAPTER THREE

3.0       Materials and method                                                                                                 13

3.1       Study Area                                                                                                                  13

3.2       Collection of samples                                                                                                 13

3.3       Physicochemical analysis of the water samples                                                         13

3.3.1    pH test                                                                                                                         13

3.3.2    Test for colour, tatse and odour                                                                                  13

3.4       Materials Used                                                                                                            14

3.5       Media Used                                                                                                                 14

3.6       Preparation of media                                                                                                  14

3.7       Microbiological analysis of water sample                                                                  14

3.8       Morphological Characterization                                                                                 15

3.9       Biochemical test                                                                                                         15

3.9.1    Indole Test                                                                                                                  15

3.9.2    Catalase Test                                                                                                               15

3.9.3    Citrate Utilization Test                                                                                               16

3.9.4    Hydrogen Sulphide test                                                                                              16

3.9.5    Sugar fermentation test                                                                                               16

3.9.6    Oxidase test                                                                                                                16

3.9.7    Methyl Red test                                                                                                          17

3.9.8    Coagulase test                                                                                                             17

 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       Results                                                                                                                        18

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0       Discussion                                                                                                                   27

5.1       Conclusion                                                                                                                  27

References                                                                                                                             31

LIST OF TABLES

Table   Title                                                                                                                Page

1          The physiochemical analysis of the various streams under study.              19

2          The total microbial load count on different media                                         21

3          The Morphological appearance of bacteria isolated from the various

 stream under study                                                                                         22

4          The gram staining and biochemical test of the gram positive isolate              24

5          Percentage frequency and occurrence of the bacterial isolates obtained

from the samples                                                                                            26

 

 

Abstract

Enterococci are fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in aquatic environments for determining water quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the intestinal enterococci in rural surface drinking water in Ijebu North, Ogun State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from three different rivers (Odo Ome, Odo Osun and Odo Ofe). Physicochemical parameters such taste, colour, temperature, pH and turbidity were carried out. The microbial and biochemical analysis were also determined using standard methods. The result of physicochemical analysis shows that the water samples were colourless, odourless, tasty and some were turbid while the temperature ranged from 270C to 300C, the pH ranged from 5.60 to 6.40. The microbial count ranged fromevealed that six bacteria generals were isolated. The organism with the highest frequency and percentage occurrence is Escherichia coli (4, 26.60%) followed by Enterococcus spp. (3, 20. 00%), Salmonella spp. (3, 20. 00%), Staphylococcus aureus (2, 13.30%), Streptococcus spp. (2, 13.30%), Klebsiella spp. (1, 6.70%) respectively. The presence of intestinal enterococci in the water could be from human and animal feaces. The assessed water samples were generally of poor quality and considered unfit for drinking. It is suggested that interventions aimed at providing drinking water for rural residents in the developing world should be balanced with ef 1.90x10-3 to 3.80x10-3 cfu/100ml. The result of the bacteria isolates rforts that promote the required hygiene behavioral change. 

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