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EVALUATION OF THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF PERENNIAL FLOODING IN IKORODU LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF LAGOS STATE
Table of contents
Table of Contents v
List of Tables x
List of Figures xii
Abstract xiv
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 3
1.3 Research Questions 4
1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study 4
1.5 Significance of the Study 5
1.6 Methodology of Study 5
1.6.1 Types and Sources of Data 5
1.6.2 Method of Data Collection 6
1.6.3 Method of Data Analysis 6
1.7 Study Area 6
1.7.1 Historical Background 7
1.7.2 Geographical Boundary 10
1.7.3 Commerce and Industry 10
1.7.4 Culture 11
1.7.5 Religion 11
CHAPTER TWO: Conceptual Framework and Literature Review 15
2.1 Conceptual Framework 15
2.1.1 Causes of Flood 15
2.1.3 Devastating Effect of Flooding 17
2.1.4 Factors that Determine the Effects of Flooding 18
2.1.5 Types of Flooding 20
2.1.6 Control of Floods 22
2.2 Literature Review 23
CHAPTER THREE: Data Presentation and Analysis 27
3.0 Introduction 27
3.1 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents 28
3.1.1 Analysis of Gender Distribution of Respondents 28
3.1.2 Analysis of Age Distribution of Respondents 29
3.1.3 Analysis of Marital Distribution of Respondents 30
3.1.4 Analysis of Educational Distribution of Respondents 31
3.1.5 Analysis of Occupational Distribution of Respondents 32
3.1.6 Duration of Years in the Study Area 33
3.2 Causes of Flooding in the Study Area 34
3.2.1 Analysis on experience of flood in the past 2 years 34
3.2.2 Analysis on source of water that causes flood 35
3.2.3 Analysis on likely cause of flood in the study area 36
3.2.4 Analysis on receiver of flood warning 37
3.2.5 Analysis on the types of warning received 38
3.2.6 Analysis on the causes of flood in the study area 39
3.3 Effect of Flooding in the Study area 40
3.3.1 Analysis of loss attributed to flood 40
3.3.2 Analysis of related inconveniences 41
3.3.3 Analysis of property affected by flooding 42
3.3.4 Analysis of flooding inside property 43
3.3.5 Analysis on the effect of flooding on school 44
3.3.6 Analysis on movement to shop, school and clinic during flooding 45
3.3.7 Analysis of flooding disrupt on daily activities 46
3.3.8 Analysis of the effect of flooding on transportation 47
3.3.9 Analysis on experience of water borne diseases 48
3.3.10 Analysis on experience of water borne diseases due to flooding 49
3.4 Post-flooding situation on residential property 50
3.4.1 Analysis on the warning of flood before moving to the area 50
3.4.2 Analysis on relocation due to occurrence of flooding 51
3.4.3 Analysis on effect of flooding on rentage of commercial property 52
3.4.4 Analysis on plan to relocate to non-flood area 53
3.4.5 Analysis on loss of belonging after flooding 54
3.4.6 Analysis on report of flooding to appropriate authority 55
3.4.7 Analysis on sales of house due to flooding 56
3.5 Measures put in place by government and private individuals to
Alleviate the sufferings of residents as a result of the perennial flooding 57
3.5.1 Analysis on community management review 57
3.5.2 Analysis on government attention to residents’ plight regarding flood 58
3.5.3 Warning from government official before flooding occurrence 59
3.5.4 Analysis on receipt of relieve materials after flooding 60
3.5.5 Analysis on government agency response to complain of flooding 61
3.6 Plausible flood mitigation 62
3.6.1 Analysis on demolish of unplanned buildings 62
3.6.2 Analysis on construction of more drainage 63
3.6.3 Analysis on constitution of flood mitigation planning committee 64
3.6.4 Analysis on declaration of state of emergency on flooding 65
CHAPTER FOUR: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations 66
4.1 Summary of Findings 66
4.2 Conclusion 69
4.3 Recommendations 70
References 71
Appendix: Questionnaire
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
3.1.1 Analysis of Gender Distribution of Respondents 28
3.1.2 Analysis of Age Distribution of Respondents 29
3.1.3 Analysis of Marital Distribution of Respondents 30
3.1.4 Analysis of Educational Distribution of Respondents 31
3.1.5 Analysis of Occupational Distribution of Respondents 32
3.1.6 Duration of Years in the Study Area 33
3.2.1 Analysis on experience of flood in the past 2 years 34
3.2.2 Analysis on source of water that causes flood 35
3.2.3 Analysis on likely cause of flood in the study area 36
3.2.4 Analysis on receiver of flood warning 37
3.2.5 Analysis on the types of warning received 38
3.2.6 Analysis on the causes of flood in the study area 39
3.3.1 Analysis of loss attributed to flood 40
3.3.2 Analysis of related inconveniences 41
3.3.3 Analysis of property affected by flooding 42
3.3.4 Analysis of flooding inside property 43
3.3.5 Analysis on the effect of flooding on school 44
3.3.6 Analysis on movement to shop, school and clinic during flooding 45
3.3.7 Analysis of flooding disrupt on daily activities 46
3.3.8 Analysis of the effect of flooding on transportation 47
3.3.9 Analysis on experience of water borne diseases 48
3.3.10 Analysis on experience of water borne diseases due to flooding 49
3.4.1 Analysis on the warning of flood before moving to the area 50
3.4.2 Analysis on relocation due to occurrence of flooding 51
3.4.3 Analysis on effect of flooding on rentage of commercial property 52
3.4.4 Analysis on plan to relocate to non-flood area 53
3.4.5 Analysis on loss of belonging after flooding 54
3.4.6 Analysis on report of flooding to appropriate authority 55
3.4.7 Analysis on sales of house due to flooding 56
3.5.1 Analysis on community management review 57
3.5.2 Analysis on government attention to residents’ plight regarding flood 58
3.5.3 Warning from government official before flooding occurrence 59
3.5.4 Analysis on receipt of relieve materials after flooding 60
3.5.5 Analysis on government agency response to complain of flooding 61
3.6.1 Analysis on demolish of unplanned buildings 62
3.6.2 Analysis on construction of more drainage 63
3.6.3 Analysis on constitution of flood mitigation planning committee 64
3.6.4 Analysis on declaration of state of emergency on flooding 65
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
1.1 Map of Nigeria showing the position of Lagos state 13
1.2 Showing the map of Ikorodu Local Government 14
3.1.1 Analysis of Gender Distribution of Respondents 28
3.1.2 Analysis of Age Distribution of Respondents 29
3.1.3 Analysis of Marital Distribution of Respondents 30
3.1.4 Analysis of Educational Distribution of Respondents 31
3.1.5 Analysis of Occupational Distribution of Respondents 32
3.1.6 Duration of Years in the Study Area 33
3.2.1 Analysis on experience of flood in the past 2 years 34
3.2.2 Analysis on source of water that causes flood 35
3.2.3 Analysis on likely cause of flood in the study area 36
3.2.4 Analysis on receiver of flood warning 37
3.2.5 Analysis on the types of warning received 38
3.2.6 Analysis on the causes of flood in the study area 39
3.3.1 Analysis of loss attributed to flood 40
3.3.2 Analysis of related inconveniences 41
3.3.3 Analysis of property affected by flooding 42
3.3.4 Analysis of flooding inside property 43
3.3.5 Analysis on the effect of flooding on school 44
3.3.6 Analysis on movement to shop, school and clinic during flooding 45
3.3.7 Analysis of flooding disrupt on daily activities 46
3.3.8 Analysis of the effect of flood on transportation 47
3.3.9 Analysis on experience of water borne diseases 48
3.3.10 Analysis on experience of water borne diseases due to flooding 49
3.4.1 Analysis on the warning of flood before moving to the area 50
3.4.2 Analysis on relocation due to occurrence of flooding 51
3.4.3 Analysis on effect of flooding on rentage of commercial property 52
3.4.4 Analysis on plan to relocate to non-flood area 53
3.4.5 Analysis on loss of belonging after flooding 54
3.4.6 Analysis on report of flooding to appropriate authority 55
3.4.7 Analysis on sales of house due to flooding 56
3.5.1 Analysis on community management review 57
3.5.2 Analysis on government attention to residents’ plight regarding flood 58
3.5.3 Warning from government official before flooding occurrence 59
3.5.4 Analysis on receipt of relieve materials after flooding 60
3.5.5 Analysis on government agency response to complain of flooding 61
3.6.1 Analysis on demolish of unplanned buildings 62
3.6.2 Analysis on construction of more drainage 63
3.6.3 Analysis on constitution of flood mitigation planning committee 64
3.6.4 Analysis on declaration of state of emergency on flooding 65
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the causes and effects of perennial flooding in Ikorodu local government of Lagos State. It to examines the causes of flooding in the study area; the effects of flooding in Ikorodu Local Government; the post flooding situation on residential property rents in the study area; the measures that have been put in place by both government and private individuals to alleviate the sufferings of residents of the area and those who make a living in the area as a result of the perennial flooding, and also suggest measures of plausible flood mitigation.
The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Primary data was used to source for information from the participants of the study. One hundred questionnaires were randomly administered to participant in the study. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).
Findings from the study showed that respondents experience flood in the past 2 years and the major causes of flood is attributed to blockage of drainage and improper usage of the drainage by the residents. Other likely cause of the flood is blockage of natural and artificial water way. Residents lost their property due to flooding while some abandon their houses and also have psychological fear that resulted from the occurrence of flooding hazards. Higher percentage of the respondents relocated due to occurrence of flooding while some of the respondents affirmed that flooding has a critical effect on rentage of commercial property. It was indicated that government official do not give warning before flooding occurrence and also 54% of the respondents attested that they don’t receive any relieve materials after flooding. It was also noted that government agency do not respond to complain of flooding. It was recommended by the respondents that flood mitigation planning committee should be constituted while state of emergency should be declared on the occurrence of flooding.
It is concluded that flood menace have ravaged several areas in Ikorodu local government for several decades leaving in its wake loss of thousands of lives and billions of naira worth of properties damaged which calls for holistic urgent action on our part as individuals and that of the government. Among other recommendations is that government and non-government agency should embarked on sensitization campaigns in order to create public awareness on the need to understand, prevent, prepare for, and mitigate the likely effects of flooding
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