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EVALUATION OF THE NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF Curcuma longa (TURMERIC), Alium cepa (ONION) AND UNFERMENTED Parkia biglobosa
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Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 4
1.3 Justification of the Study 4
1.4 Aim of the Study 4
1.5 Objectives of the Study 5
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 African Locust Bean Tree (PARKIA BIGLOBOSA) 6
2.2 Usefulness of the African Locust Bean Tree 9
2.3 Medicinal Uses of Parkia biglobosa 11
2.4 Phytochemical constituents of Parkia biglobosa 12
2.5 Proximate and Mineral Content of Parkia biglobosa 12
2.6 Turmeric (Curcuma longa) 16
2.7 Phytochemical Constituents 18
2.8 Antioxidant Activity of Turmeric 20
2.9 Effect of Turmeric on Inflammatory and Edematic Disorders 21
2.10 Effect of Turmeric Gastrointestinal 21
2.11 Allium Cepa (ONION) 22
2.12 Phytochemical Constituents of Allium cepa 25
2.13 Uses of Onion 26
2.14 Medicinal Uses of Onion 27
CHAPTER THREE 30
3.0 Materials and Methods 30
3.1 Study Area 30
3.2 Plant Collection 30
3.3 Plant Identification 30
3.4 Sample Preparation 30
3.5 Processing of Parkia biglobosa 30
3.6 Mineral Analysis 31
3.6.1 Metal analysis on AAS 31
3.6.2 Potassium and Sodium analysis on Flame Photometer 31
3.6.3 Colorimetric Determination of Phosphate 32
3.7 Proximate Analysis 33
3.7.1 Crude protein determination 33
3.7.2 Adapted Auto-Analyzer Method for Nitrogen 34
3.7.3 Determination of Ash 35
3.7.4 Fibre Determination 35
3.7.5 Nitrogen Free Extract (Nff) 36
3.7.6 Crude Fat or Ether Extract 36
3.7.7 Dry Matter and Moisture Determination 37
3.8 Statistical Analysis 38
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 39
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and Conclusion 57
5.1 Discussion 57
5.2 Conclusion 58
References 60
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGES
4.1 Proximate Analysis of Samples 41
4.2 Mineral Content (Mg/Kg) of the Samples 50
Abstract
The investigations were carried out to evaluation of the nutritional composition of Curcuma longa (Tumeric), Allum cepa (Onion), unfermented Parkia biglobosa and the combination of the three spices.
The unfermented seed of Parkia biglobosa were gotten from Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Ibadan while rhizome of turmeric and onion bulb were gotten from New Market Ijebu, Ogun State. These were identified in the Department of Soil Science, Forestry Research Institute of Nigerian, Ibadan, Nigeria. The turmeric rhizome and onion were peeled and diced, the unfermented Parkia biglobosa with the other recipes were oven dried at 45oC which it was grounded into powder and packaged ready for analysis. Standard Method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2000) were used for proximate analysis and mineral contents determination of each recipe. Parameters investigated for proximate analysis incudes; crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, total ash, dry matter, nitrogen free extract and mineral contents; calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, phosphorus.
From the result of the proximate analysis, there were significant difference in the crude protein, crude fat and total ash values. However, there was no significant difference between unfermented Parkia biglobosa combined with onion and unfermented Parkia biglobosa combined with turmeric and onion but there was significant difference in other spices in crude fibre, moisture content, dry matter, nitrogen free extract values. Also, from the result of the mineral content, there was significant difference in the potassium and phosphorus values. However there was no significant difference between unfermented Parkia biglobosa combined with onion and unfermented Parkia biglobosa combined with turmeric and onion while other spices were significantly different in the calcium and iron value, there was no significant difference in the turmeric and unfermented Parkia biglobosa combined with onion while other spices were significantly different in magnesium value. There was also no significant different difference in the turmeric and unfermented Parkia biglobosa combined with turmeric and onion while other spices were significantly different in the sodium value.
It is evident from this study that the recipes were rich in some essential minerals particularly potassium. Also, they were highly nutrition. The study has shown that there was higher nutritional value and mineral content value for recipes when combined together. This shows that combination of different recipes can be added to daily nutritional intake. All the recipes also contained proximate and mineral component which could be of pharmacological importance to animals and humans.
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