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ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF MOUTHWASH (LISTERINE FRESH BURST) ON ISOLATES RECOVERED FROM DECAYED TEETH
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Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 3
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study 4
1.3.1 Aim of the Study 4
1.3.2 Objectives of the Study 4
1.4 Significance of the Study 4
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 6
2.1 Human Tooth Decay: Dental Caries 6
2.2 Types Caries 9
2.2.1 Primary Caries 9
2.2.2 Secondary Caries 9
2.3 Microorganisms Associated with Tooth Decay 9
2.3.1 Mutans streptococci 10
2.3.2 Lactobacilli 12
2.3.3 Enterococcus spp. 12
2.3.4 Staphylococcus aureus 12
2.3.5 Actinomycetes 13
2.4 Risk Factors Associated with Tooth Decay 13
2.4.1 Microbiological 13
2.4.2 Diet 14
2.4.3 Socio-economic 14
2.4.4 Signs and symptoms of dental caries 15
2.4 Diagnosis of Dental Caries 15
2.5 Treatment 15
2.5.1 Tooth remineralization 16
2.5.2 Dental restoration 16
2.5.3 Tooth extraction 17
2.6 Prevention and control of Tooth Decay 17
2.6.1 Oral hygiene 17
2.6.2 Dietary modification 17
2.6.3 Calcium and fluoride 17
2.7 Composition of Mouthwashes 18
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods 20
3.1 Collection of Samples 20
3.2 Sterilization of materials 20
3.3 Preparation of Media 20
3.4 Microbial Analysis of Samples 21
3.5 Characterization of Microorganisms 21
3.5.1 Characterization of Bacterial Culture 21
3.6 Gram Staining 21
3.7 Biochemical Tests 22
3.8 Antibacterial activity 22
3.8.1 Determination of antibacterial activities of mouth wash 22
3.8.2 Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration 23
3.8.3 Antibiotics sensitivity test 23
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 24
CHAPTER FIVE 38
5.1 Discussion 38
5.2 Conclusion and Recommendations 39
References 41
Appendices 46
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
4.1 Characteristics of the Participants 26
4.2 Morphological Characteristics of Isolates Recovered from Swab Samples
of Decay Tooth 27
4.3 Biochemical Characteristics of Isolates Recovered from the Samples 30
4.4 Percentage occurrence of organisms isolated from decay tooth 33
4.5 Inhibitory zones of the test organisms on mouthwash at different concentration 34
4.6 Inhibitory zones of the test organisms on Antibiotics 35
Abstract
Prevalence of oral diseases is easier than cure and the widespread use of mouth washes as an aid to oral hygience is relatively recent phenomenon. This study investigate the antibacterial effect of mouthwash on microorganism associated with tooth decay. One hundred dental plaque swab samples were collected from patients with dental caries in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital for standard bacteriological analysis. A total number of one hundred and twelve bacteria belonging to four genera were isolated. The isolated organism include; staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp, Escherichia coli spp and Streptococcus mutans. The percentage occurrence of the isolated bacteria showed Pseudomonas spp. had the highest percentage occurrence with 86 (76.8%), followed by Escherichia coli 13 (11.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus 11(9.8%). The least percentage occurrence was Streptococcus mutans with 2(1.7%). The least percentage occurrence was Streptococcus mutan with 2(1.7%). However, all the isolated bacteria in this study were resistant to Listerine mouthwash except Streptococcus mutans at 50mg and 100mg concentration. The isolates were later tested against Vancomycin, Ampicillin and Gentamycin. Gentamycin showed a clear zone of 15mm, 21mm, 25mm and 13mm on Pseudomonas spp., staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutan respectively. It is concluded that Listerine can be effective against Streptococcus mutans.However, it is wise to consult a health-care professional in situations in which the appropriateness of the mouth rinse is questioned. It is recommended that people battling tooth decay should turn away from self-medication by using mouth rinse.
Keywords: Mouthwash, Antiobiotics, Antibacteria, Listerine
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