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EXTRACTION OF CELLULOSE FROM AFRICAN STAR APPLE (Chrysophyllum Albidum) SHELL
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Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aim and Objectives 2
1.2.1 Objectives of the Study 2
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1 Cellulose 3
2.1.1 Physical Properties of Cellulose 4
2.1.2 Chemical properties of cellulose 4
2.1.3 Structure and reactivity of cellulose 5
2.1.4 Cellulose molecule at the molecular level 6
2.1.5 Isolation of Cellulose 7
2.1.6 Hydrolysis of Cellulose 7
2.2 Cellulose derivatives 9
2.2.1 Cellulose acetate 10
2.2.2 Cellulose nitrate 10
2.2.3 Cellulose ethers 11
2.3 Acetylation of cellulose 11
2.4 African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) 13
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS 14
3.1 Materials 14
3.2 Reagent 14
3.3 Methods 14
3.4 Procedure 14
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 15
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 18
5.1 Summary 18
5.2 Conclusion 18
5.3 Recommendation 18
References 19
Abstract
Cellulose have been obtained from the African Star Apple. The aim of this study was to isolate cellulose from African Star Apple. It further determine the yield percentage and convert cellulose to their derivatives, and analyse cellulose and cellulose derivatives.
The cellulose was isolated by alkaline hydrolysis and delignification process. It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), SEM, percentage yield, proximate analysis and X-ray diffraction techniques.
The structural and spectroscopic changes in cellulose acetates observed by the XRD and FTIR revealed different mechanisms of acetylation.
It was concluded that natural and pure cellulose can be gotten from Hura crepitans. It is recommended that further studies should continue to focus on extraction of cellulose from plant.
Keywords: African Star Apple, FTIR, SEM, XRD, Cellulose
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