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FUNGI AS DIETARY FOOD

Table of contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page                                                                                                 i

Certification                                                                                               ii

Dedication                                                                                                 iii

Acknowledgements                                                                                    iv

Table of Contents                                                                                       v

List of Tables                                                                                             vii

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                        1

1.1      Introduction                                                                                     1

1.2      Fungi Growth Behaviour in Food and Adaptation to Food

          Preservation                                                                                    2

1.3      Fungi Structures in Food: A Short Introduction                                 4

CHAPTER TWO                                                                                       7

2.1      Human Health and the Use of Fungi                                                  7

2.2      Nutritional Value of Fungi                                                                9

2.2.1   Mushrooms and Other Macrofungi                                                   9

2.2.2   Cultivated Species.                                                                          10

2.3      Nutritional Value of Mushroom                                                        14

 

CHAPTER THREE                                                                                    20

3.1      Fungi as Food                                                                                  20

3.2      Use of Fungi in Dietary Food                                                            22

3.3      Fungi as and in Processed Food                                                        30

3.3.1   Baker’s Yeast                                                                                  31

3.3.2   Use of Yeast Cells in Food and Fodder                                             31

3.3.3   Processed Fungi Food as an Alternative to SCPS                               32

3.4      Use of Fungi in Fermentation Based Food                                         33

CHAPTER FOUR                                                                                      37

4.1      Secondary Metabolites from Fungi Used in Food and Feed                     37

4.2      Some Fungi that are used in Food Industry                                        39

4.3      Conclusion                                                                                      42

REFERENCES                                                                                          44

 



 

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE        TITLE                                                                                  PAGE

2.1                World cultivated mushroom                                                   13

3.1                Some Medicinal and Nutritional Properties Of Commonly

                     Used Edible Macro Fungi

Abstract

By consuming food the human body is constantly exposed to microorganisms and their metabolic products. Some of these microorganisms are essential for processes like the digestion in the colon while others are contaminants forming toxic substances or even are pathogenic. Microorganisms like bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi are common contaminants leading to spoilage of food. Metabolic components of these organisms cause food borne diseases, allergic reaction and even cancer in humans (Mucke and Lemmen, 1999). Filamentous fungi are the slowest growing organisms of these groups. The presence of fungi in food or food sources may lead to the production of (and therefore contamination with) mycotoxins. Long storage under inconvenient conditions and late detection of fungi might be some reasons why food or food sources can become contaminated by mycotoxins. The consumer detects fungi and their metabolites as contaminants in food by occurrence of mycelia and changes in odour and taste. 

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