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ISOLATION AND PREVALENCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI 0157:H7 FROM RAW MEAT
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Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Objective of the Study 4
1.2.1 General Objective 4
1.2.2 Specific Objectives 4
1.3 Justification of the Study 4
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 6
2.1 Microbiology of Meat 6
2.2 Meat Spoilage 7
2.3 Factors that Affect the Growth of Microorganisms on Meat 7
2.3.1 Temperature 8
2.3.2 pH 8
2.3.3 Water Availability 8
2.3.4 Nutrients 9
2.4 Microbiology of Escherichia Coli 9
2.4.1 Source and transmission of Escherichia coli O157: H7 infection 10
2.4.2 Diseases caused by Escherichia coli O157: H7 12
2.4.3 Epidemiology and outbreak of Escherichia coli O157: H7 infection 13
2.5 Regulatory Status of Escherichia Coli 0157: H7 14
2.6 Antibiotics Susceptible of Escherichia Coli 16
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods 17
3.1 Sample Collection 17
3.2 Sterilization and Aseptic Techniques 17
3.3 Media and Reagent 18
3.4 Isolation of Escherichia Coli 18
3.4.1 Sample Preparation 18
3.4.2 Aerobic Plate Count 19
3.4.3 Total Coliform Count 19
3.4.4 Eosine Methylene Blue Agar with Isolation 19
3.4.5 Identification of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 20
3.5 Identification of Escherichia Coli Isolates 20
3.5.1 Morphological Characteristics 21
3.5.2 Microscopic Examination 21
3.5.3 Biochemical Tests 21
3.6 Antibiotic Susceptibility 23
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 25
4.1 Total Aerobic Plate Count 25
4.2 Total Coliform Count 25
4.3 Total Escherichia Coli 25
4.4 Identification of Isolates 29
4.5 Prevalence of Escherichia Coli 0157: H7 29
4.6 Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern 33
4.7 Multiple Antibiotics Resistance Displayed by Bacterial Isolates 33
CHAPTER FIVE 36
5.1 Discussion 36
5.2 Conclusion 40
References 42
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
4.1 Total Aerobic Plate Count of Raw Meat Samples 26
4.2 Total Coliform Count of Raw Meat Samples 27
4.3 Total Escherichia Coli Count of Raw Meat Samples 28
4.4 morphology characteristics of Escherichia coli isolated from raw meat samples 30
4.5 Biochemical Properties of Escherichia coli isolated from raw meat samples 31
4.6 Antibiotics Susceptibility Profile of Escherichia coli isolated from Meat 34
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure Title Page
4.1 Prevalence of Escherichia coli species Isolated from Raw Meat Samples 32
4.2 Bars shwoing relative percentage (%) resistance, susceptibility and sensitivity dis ed displayed by isolates to test antiobiotics 35
Abstract
The antibiotic resistant pattern of Escherichia coli isolated from twenty (25) meat samples collected from Ijebu-igbo was investigated using standard microbiological methods. Isolation of Escherichia coli was done by the spread plate method using selective agar Eosin Methylene Blue agar, MacConkey agar, Nutrient agar and Sorbitol MacConkey Telluritte-Cefixime agar (CT-SMA). The total aerobic plate counts, total coliform plate counts and total Escherichia coli plate count were determined by the spread plate method on Nutrient Agar, MacConkey Agar and Eosin Methylene Blue agar respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated Escherichia coli to antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method.
The total aerobic plate count had a mean of 3.2 x 106 cfu/ml which ranged from 1.06 x 106 cfu/g to 2.0 x 107 cfu/g. Total coliform count had a mean of 5.22 x 106 cfu/g and had ranged from 1.08 x 106 – 1.76 x 107 cfu/g. The mean total count of Escherichia coli was 6.0 x 102 cfu/g and had ranges from 3.5 x 102 - 9.7 x 102 cfu/g.
All Escherichia coli were susceptible to Gentamycin. 31/40 were susceptible, 8/40 were intermediate and 1/40 were resistant to Chloramphenicol. 39/40 of the organism were resistant to Ceftriaxone and 1/40 was susceptible. Similar to Ceftriaxone, 38/40 were resistance to Amoxicilin, 1/40 was intermediate and 1/40 susceptible. In addition, 38/40 were resistant to Trimethoprim and 2/40 were intermediate. However, 39/40 were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin while 1/40 was resistant.
The study therefore recommended the need for stringent food safety measures through the implementation of hygienic practices at all levels from the production to the consumption of meat products.
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