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SCREENING OF SOIL BACTERIA FOR POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
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Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aim of the Study 3
1.3 Objectives of the Study 3
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Discovery and Origin of Antibiotics 5
2.2 Antibiotic Resistance 6
2.3 The Need for New Antibiotics 9
2.4 Screening for New Antibiotics 10
2.5 Microbial Diversity and Sampling Strategy 13
2.6 Some Bacteria That Have Ability to Produce Antibiotics 13
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHOD 17
3.1 Sample Collection 17
3.2 Sterilization and Aseptic Techniques 17
3.3 Instrument and Glassware 18
3.4 Media Used 18
3.5 Determination of Microbial Load 18
3.5.1 Sample Preparation 18
3.6 Isolation of Microorganism 19
3.7 Identification of Bacteria Isolates 19
3.7.1 Morphological Characteristics 20
3.8 Identification and Characterization of Bacterial Isolated 20
3.8.1 Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining 20
3.8.2 Indole Test 21
3.8.3 Catalase test 21
3.8.4 MRVP test 22
3.8.5 Citrate Utilization Test 22
3.9 Test Bacteria 23
3.10 Screening of Isolates for Anti-Bacterial Activity 23
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 26
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 32
5.1 Discussion 32
5.2 Conclusion 34
REFERENCES 36
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
4.1 Total viable bacterial count of soil samples 28
4.2 Biochemical characteristics of bacterial isolates from soil samples 29
4.3 Frequency of occurrence of isolate bacteria 30
4.4 Zone inhibition in millimeter (mm) of bacteria isolate against test bacteria 31
Abstract
Most antibiotics used today are isolated and extracted from microbial source. The emergence of antibiotic resistance and need for better antibiotics is always in high demand. This study was conducted to isolate and screen soil bacteria for antibiotics production. Soil samples were collected from different fruit and vegetable farms in Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State and isolation of bacteria was done by spread plate method using Nutrient agar after serial dilution. The total viable counts of the samples ranged from 1.9 x 106 cfu/g to 7.0 x 106 cfu/g. Fourteen (14) isolates belonging to five genera were isolated in this study. They were Escherichia coli (4), Staphylococcus aureus (3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3), Streptococcus pneumoniae (2) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2). Five out of theses isolates were screed for antibiotic production, E. coli inhibited the growth of Klbesiella pneumoniae while Klebsiella pneumonaie inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa did inhibit the growth of test organisms. The isolation of antibiotics producing bacterial species showed that the agricultural soil is quite rich in microbial flora.
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