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SCREENING OF SOIL BACTERIA FOR POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                        1

1.1      Introduction                                                                                     1

1.2      Aim of the Study                                                                              3

1.3      Objectives of the Study                                                                    3

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW                                               5

2.1      Discovery and Origin of Antibiotics                                                  5

2.2      Antibiotic Resistance                                                                        6

2.3      The Need for New Antibiotics                                                          9

2.4      Screening for New Antibiotics                                                          10

2.5      Microbial Diversity and Sampling Strategy                                       13

2.6     Some Bacteria That Have Ability to Produce Antibiotics                    13

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHOD                                   17

3.1      Sample Collection                                                                            17

3.2      Sterilization and Aseptic Techniques                                                17

3.3      Instrument and Glassware                                                                18

3.4      Media Used                                                                                     18

3.5      Determination of Microbial Load                                                      18

3.5.1   Sample Preparation                                                                          18

3.6      Isolation of Microorganism                                                              19

3.7      Identification of Bacteria Isolates                                                      19

3.7.1   Morphological Characteristics                                                          20

3.8      Identification and Characterization of Bacterial Isolated                     20

3.8.1   Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining                   20

3.8.2   Indole Test                                                                                      21

3.8.3   Catalase test                                                                                     21

3.8.4   MRVP test                                                                                       22

3.8.5   Citrate Utilization Test                                                                     22

3.9      Test Bacteria                                                                                   23

3.10    Screening of Isolates for Anti-Bacterial Activity                                23

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS                                                                    26

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION                              32

5.1      Discussion                                                                                       32

5.2      Conclusion                                                                                      34

REFERENCES                                                                                          36

 



 

LIST OF TABLES

Table  Title                                                                                                       Page

4.1      Total viable bacterial count of soil samples                                                 28

4.2      Biochemical characteristics of bacterial isolates from soil samples                   29

4.3      Frequency of occurrence of isolate bacteria                                                 30

4.4      Zone inhibition in millimeter (mm) of bacteria isolate against test bacteria 31

Abstract

Most antibiotics used today are isolated and extracted from microbial source. The emergence of antibiotic resistance and need for better antibiotics is always in high demand. This study was conducted to isolate and screen soil bacteria for antibiotics production. Soil samples were collected from different fruit and vegetable farms in Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State and isolation of bacteria was done by spread plate method using Nutrient agar after serial dilution. The total viable counts of the samples ranged from 1.9 x 106 cfu/g to 7.0 x 106 cfu/g. Fourteen (14) isolates belonging to five genera were isolated in this study. They were Escherichia coli (4), Staphylococcus aureus (3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3), Streptococcus pneumoniae (2) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2). Five out of theses isolates were screed for antibiotic production, E. coli inhibited the growth of Klbesiella pneumoniae while Klebsiella pneumonaie inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa did inhibit the growth of test organisms. The isolation of antibiotics producing bacterial species showed that the agricultural soil is quite rich in microbial flora. 

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