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ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF AGERATUM CONYZOIDES AND SENNA ALATA ON SKIN MICROORGANISMS
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 5
1.3 Justification of the Study 5
1.4 Aim of the Study 5
1.5 Objectives of the Study 6
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 7
2.1 Skin Microbiota 7
2.2 The Skin Microbiome in Health 9
2.2.1 Bacteria 9
2.2.2 Fungi 11
2.2.3 Viruses 12
2.3 Skin Microbiome in Disease 14
2.3.1 Atopic Dermatitis 14
2.3.2 Psoriasis 16
2.3.3 Acne Vulgaris 16
2.3.4 Dandruff 17
2.3.5 Merkel Cell Carcinoma 18
2.4 Ageratum Conyzoides 18
2.4.1 Ethanobotany and Traditional Uses of A. conyzoides 20
2.4.2 Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Ageratum conyzoides 21
2.5 Senna alata 22
2.5.1 Traditional uses 23
2.5.2 Antibacterial and antifungal activities 24
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods 26
3.1 Collection and Identification of Plant Samples 26
3.2 Collection of Swabs Samples 26
3.3 Materials and Glassware 26
3.4 Sterilization and Aseptic Techniques 26
3.5 Media Used 27
3.6 Preparation of Plant Extracts 27
3.7 Isolation and identification of Skin Microorganisms 27
3.7.1 Microscopic Examination 28
3.7.2 Biochemical Tests 29
3.8 Isolation of Fungi 3.9 Antimicrobial Activity 31
3.9.1 Determination of Antibacterial Activity of Plant Extracts: 31
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 32
4.1 Analysis of Participant Information 32
4.2 Participant Response on Skin Disorder and Treatment 34
4.3 Morphological Characteristics of Bacteria Isolates 36
4.4 Biochemical Reaction of Isolated Bacteria from Human Skin 38
4.5 Colonial Morphology of Suspected Fungi 40
4.6 Frequency and Percentage Occurrence of Microorganisms Isolated from Armpits
and Toes 43
4.7 Zone of Inhibition of Senna alata extract, Ageratum conyzoides extract and
Antibiotics against microorganisms Isolated from human skin 46
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion, Conclusion And Recommendation 50
5.1 Discussion 50
5.2 Conclusion 51
5.3 Recommendations 51
References 52
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Pages
4.1 Analysis of Participant Information 33
4.2 Participant Response on Skin Disorder and Treatment 35
4.3 Morphological Characteristics of Bacteria Isolates 37
4.4 Biochemical reaction of suspected bacteria, occurrence and percentage 39
4.5 Colonial Morphology of Suspected Fungi 41
4.6 Table showing the occurrence and population of pure fungi isolated 42
4.7 Zone of Inhibition of Senna alata extract against microorganisms Isolated
from human skin 47
4.8 Zone of Inhibition of Ageratum conyzoides extract against microorganisms Isolated
from human skin 48
4.9: Zone of Inhibition of Antibiotics against microorganisms Isolated from human
Skin 49
Abstract
Senna alata and Ageratum conyzoides are known for its several therapeutic uses to control infections. The present study investigated the antimicrobial effect of Senna alata and Ageratum conyzoides on skin microorganisms. Sterile swab sticks were used to take samples randomly from 85 students across the Faculty of Science Olabisi Onabanjo University of both gender at different location such as Armpit and foot web, between age ranging from 15 -32 years. The most predominant bacterial isolated were staphylococcus epidermidis which had 60%, while the least occurrence isolates were Micrococcus lateus with 19%. Aspergillus flavus were the predominate fungi isolated from the toes web of subjects from both gender which had 65%, while Penicillium chrysogenum were the least isolated from both gender with 15%. All of the microorganism were resistant at the various concentration of 100mg/ml, 75 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml. This resistant of these isolated organisms might be due to the herbal quality. There is need for more research on the activity of the extr Senna alata and Ageratum conyzoides against a wider range of bacteria and fungi and on the toxicology and further purification of the extracts for isolation of the pure active constituents.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, Ageratum conyzoides, Senna alata, Skin microorganisms
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