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MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF BOTTLE SOFT DRINKS SOLD IN AGO-IWOYE
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
1.0 Background to the Study 1
1.1 Statement of the Problem 3
1.2 Aim of the Study 3
1.3 Objectives of the Study 4
1.4 Justification of your study 4
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 5
2.0 Soft-drinks 5
2.1 Soft Drinks Ingredient 7
2.1.1 Water 8
2.1.2 Sugars and Sweeteners 8
2.1.3 Fruit Juices 12
2.1.4 Acidity Regulators and Carbon Dioxide 13
2.1.5 Flavorings and Colorings 14
2.1.6 Preservatives 15
2.2 Consumption of Soft Drinks 16
2.3 Spoilage Organisms of Soft Drinks 17
2.3.1 Yeasts 19
2.3.2 Molds 20
2.3.3 Bacteria 21
2.3.4 Pathogens 23
2.4 Microbial Quality of Soft Drinks 24
CHAPTER THREE: Methodology 27
3.0 Study Area 27
3.1 Collection of Samples 27
3.2 Materials and Methods 27
3.3 Sterilization of Glassware 28
3.4 Media Used 28
3.5 Culture Techniques 28
3.6 Morphological and Biochemical Identification of bacteria 28
3.6.1 Morphological Characteristics 28
3.6.2 Gram Staining 29
3.6.3 Biochemical Characterization 29
3.6.3.1 Catalase Test 30
3.6.3.2 Oxidase Test 30
3.6.3.3 Coagulase Test 30
3.6.3.4 Indole Test 30
3.6.3.5 Urease Test 31
3.6.3.6 Citrate Utilisation Test 31
3.7 Identification of Fungi 31
3.7.1 Lactophenol Staining 31
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 32
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion 40
5.0 Discussion 40
5.1 Conclusion 41
5.2 Recommendations 41
References 43
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGES
4.1 Microbial Loads of Bottle Soft Drinks Sold in Ago-Iwoye. 34
4.2 Morphological Characteristics of Bacteria Recovered from Bottle Soft Drinks
Sold in Ago-Iwoye. 35
4.3 Morphological Characteristics of Bacteria Recovered from Bottle Soft Drinks
Sold in Ago-Iwoye. 36
4.4 Biochemical Reaction of Bacteria Recovered from Bottle Soft Drinks Sold in
Ago-Iwoye. 37
4.5 Biochemical Reaction of Bacteria Recovered from Bottle Soft Drinks Sold in
Ago-Iwoye. 38
4.6 Morphological Characteristics of Fungi Recovered from Bottle Soft Drinks
Sold in Ago-Iwoye. 39
Abstract
Soft drinks consumption is still a controversial issue for public health and public policy. Over the years, numerous studies have been conducted into the possible links between soft drink intake and pathogenic organisms, the results of which, however, remain highly contested. This study assessed the microbial load of different bottle soft drinks sold in Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria. The microbial load on MacConkey Agar ranged from 1 to 2 cfu/m. On Nutrient Agar, the growth ranged from 1 to 3 cfu/ml. On Potato dextrose agar, the microbial load ranged from 1 to 3 cfu/ml. The identified bacteria in this study were Klebsiella pneumniae (n=9), Escherichia coli (n=7), Enterobacter (n=3), Staphylococcus aureus (n=14) and Streptococcus spp. (n=7). The fungal isolates were Yeast (n=7), Aspergillus spp. (n=3) and Fusarium spp. (n=1). The presence of pathogenic bacteria and fungi indicates poor microbiological quality of carbonated soft drinks. Immediate action to improve the microbiological quality of carbonated beverages in Nigeria is evidently required.
Keywords: Soft Drinks, Bacteria, Fungi, Carbonated Soft Drink
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