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MICROBIOLOGICAL, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF HAND DUG WELL LOCATED CLOSE TO A SEPTIC TANK IN IJEBU, OGUN STATE
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 General Objective 3
1.3 Specific Objectives of the Study 3
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 4
2.1 Water Quality of Hand Dug Wells 4
2.2 Water Quality Assessment Parameters 6
2.3 Standard of Water Quality 9
2.4 Needs for Water Supply and Sanitation 10
2.5 Waterborne Diseases 11
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods 14
3.1 Study Area 14
3.2 Collection of Water Samples 14
3.3 Materials and Methods 14
3.4 Sterilization of Glassware 15
3.4.1 Physical and Chemical Analysis of the Water Samples 15
3.5 Microbiological Analysis 16
3.5.1 Morphological Characteristics 16
3.6 Biochemical Tests 17
3.6.1 Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining 17
3.6.2 Catalase Test 18
3.6.3 Oxidase Test 18
3.6.4 Citrate Utilisation Test 19
3.6.5 Urease Test 19
3.6.6 Methyl Red Test 19
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 21
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations 29
5.1 Discussion 29
5.2 Conclusion 32
REFERENCES 34
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
Table 1 Observation Made on Site 23
Table 2 Physiochemical Parameters of Hand Dug Well water located
very close to septic tank in Ago-iwoye 24
Table 3 Microbial Load of Hand Dug Well located very close to septic
tank in Ago-Iwoye 25
Table 4 Morphological Characteristics of Bacteria from the Sampled Well 26
Table 5 Biochemical Characterization of Bacteria Isolates from Well Water
Samples 27
Table 6 Isolation Rate of Bacterial Isolated from Hand Dug Well water
samples close to Ijebu area 28
Abstract
Water is an essential element for the functioning of health facilities, but it can be a source of serious infections in case of contamination, especially for the people in rural environment. In most cases, people in rural environment lack municipal sewers, hence forcing residents to construct septic tank at close proximity to their wells. Indeed, it is not uncommon to find a well located just a few metres from an unlined septic tank. The microbiological, physical and chemical parameter of hand dug well located closed septic tanks was carried out using standard microbiological methods. Isolation was done by spread plate method using selective agar, Eosin-methylene-blue (EMB) agar and MacConkey agar. The physical and chemical analysis revealed that the pH level ranged from 4.4 to 7.6, temperature ranged from 25.6oC to 31.1oC, turbidity ranged from 0.34 NTU to 11.6 NTU. Two of the well water sampled were smelling fishy, four of the well water samples were smelling feacal, four of the water were odourless, five of the water samples were colourless, three of the water samples have reddish colour and two of the water samples were brownish. A total of ten isolates made up of 5 genera: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella spp. were isolated from well water. Total viable count of the water samples ranged from 1.1 × 103 cfu/ml to 3.0 × 103 cfu/ml and the coliform count of the water samples ranged from 1.6 × 103 CFU/ml to 3.2 × 103 cfu/ml. These result shows that the sampled well water served as reservoir of bacteria which is of great consequences to public health. It is recommended that a safe septic tanks separation distance of 48 m be maintained which will avoid contamination of well water from septic tanks.
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