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MYCOFLORA AND PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF COOKIES SOLD IN IJEBU-IGBO, OGUN STATE
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aim 4
1.3 Objectives 4
1.4 Significance of the Study 5
CHAPTER TWO 6
2.0 Literature Review 6
2.1 Cookies 6
2.2 Production of Cookies from Cereals Grain 10
2.3 Cookies as Bakery Products 13
2.4 Microbial Spoilage of Bakery Products 13
2.4.1 Bacterial spoilage 14
2.4.2 Yeast spoilage 15
2.4.3 Mould Spoilage 16
2.5 Influences of Physical Factors on Microbial Growth on Cookies 17
2.6 Control of Microbial Growth in Cookies and Bakery Products 20
2.6.1 Reformulation to reduce product aW 20
2.6.2 Freezing 21
2.6.3 Preservatives 22
CHAPTER THREE 23
3.0 Materials and Methods 23
3.1 Study Area 23
3.2 Collection of Samples 23
3.3 Glassware and Equipment Used 23
3.4 Sterilization of Glasswares 24
3.5 Media Preparation 24
3.6 Enumeration of Yeast and Mould 24
3.7 Characterization and Identification of Isolates 25
3.8 Determination of Proximate Composition of Cookies 25
3.8.1 Moisture percentage 25
3.8.2 Ash percentage 26
3.8.3 Fat Percentage 27
3.8.4 Protein percentage 28
3.8.5 Determination of crude fibre 29
3.8.6 Carbohydrate percentage 30
CHAPTER FOUR 31
4.0 Results 31
4.1 Characterization and Identification of Isolates 31
4.2 Frequency and Percentage Occurrence of Mold Isolated from Cookies Samples 33
4.3 Proximate Composition of Cookies Samples 35
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations 38
5.1 Discussion 38
5.2 Conclusion 40
5.3 Recommendations 41
REFERENCES 42
APPENDIX 47
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
1 Morphological Characterization of Mycoflora Associated with Cookies
From Ijebu-Igbo 32
2 Frequency and Percentage Occurrence of Mold Isolated from Cookies Samples 34
3 Proximate Composition of Cookies Samples 37
Abstract
This study investigated the mycoflora associated with cookies on sale in Ijebu-Igbo, using standard microbiological methods. The proximate composition of cookies were also estimated using standard biochemical methods. Mycoflora associated with cookies includes; Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. Proximate analysis shows that the moisture content ranged from 1.91±0.15 to 6.95±0.48, ash (0.81±0.04 to 2.80±0.04), fat (5.58±0.20 to 16.00±0.08), protein (5.62±0.23 to 6.84±0.08), crude fiber (2.16±0.01 to 2.38±.04) while carbohydrate content ranged from 73.21±0.23 to 85.70±0.29. Adequate post production handling and storage of the cookies is crucial to reduce product contamination.
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