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PREVALENCE AND ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE OF Salmonella serovars ISOLATED FROM STREET VENDED MEAT PIE

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                                                        1

1.1      Background to the Study                                                                  1

1.2      Aim of the Study                                                                              3

1.3      Objectives of the Study                                                                    4

1.4      Literature Review                                                                            4

CHAPTER TWO: MATERIALS AND METHODS                                    8

2.1      Collection of Sample                                                                        8

2.2      Material and Apparatus Used                                                            8

2.3      Sterilization of Glasswares                                                               9

2.4      Media Used                                                                                     9

2.5      Media Preparation                                                                           9

2.6      Isolation of Salmonella isolates                                                         9

2.7      Culture and Identification                                                                 10

2.8      Characterization of Salmonella                                                         10

2.8.1   Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining                   11

2.8.2   Catalase Test                                                                                   12

2.8.3   Oxidase Test                                                                                    12

2.8.4   Citrate Utilisation Test                                                                     12

2.8.5   Urease Test                                                                                     13

3.8.6   Indole Test                                                                                      13

2.8.7   Kligler Iron Agar                                                                             13

2.9      Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing                                                 14

CHAPTER THREE: RESULT                                                                    16

CHAPTER FOUR: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION

                               AND RECOMMENDATIONS                                    21

4.1      Discussion                                                                                       21

4.2      Conclusion                                                                                      23

4.3      Recommendations                                                                            24

References                                                                                                 25

Appendix                                                                                                   29

 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title                                                                                                                Page

3.1      Biochemical Characteristics of Salmonella Isolated from Street 

          Vended Meat Pie                                                                             19

3.2      Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella serovars isolates from   

          Street Vended Meat Pie Samples                                                      20

     LIST OF FIGURE

Figure Title                                                                                                    Page

3.1      Morphological characteristics of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella 

          paratyphi on Salmonella-Shigella Agar                                  17

3.2      Antimicrobial sensitivity                                                       18

Abstract

Salmonella serovars are one of the major causes of bacterial foodborne infection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella serovars isolated from street vended meat pie. Out of the total 50 samples analysed from the meat pies, 29 meat pies proved to be positive to Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi. The Salmonella spp. isolated from the samples were tested against antibiotics which includes, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, cloxacilin, ofloxacin and augumentin. The most common resistance was observed in cefuroxime and ceftazidime while the most common susceptibility antibiotics are ceftriaxone and Ofloxacin. The study concluded that Salmonella isolates recovered from meat pies are commonly resistant to multiple antimicrobials. The study therefore recommends that relevant agencies such as Consumer protection Rights, NAFDAC and SON need to ensure and enforce strict compliance to Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) in all foods production sectors in Nigeria.

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