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PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM SOME SWIMMING POOLS IN IJEBU-NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT

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Table of contents

 

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                                                     1 

1.1       Introduction                                                                                                                1 

1.2       Statement of the Problem                                                                                           4 

1.3       Significance of the Study                                                                                           5 

1.4       Objective of the Study                                                                                                5 

1.4.1    General Objective                                                                                                       5 

1.4.2    Specific Objectives                                                                                                     5 

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                                                    6 

2.1       Swimming Pool as Recreational Centre                                                                     6 

2.2       Sanitary Conditions of Swimming Pool Water                                                          7 

2.3       Infectious diseases from Water Exposure                                                                  8 

2.4       Transmission of Infectious Diseases via Swimming Pool Water                          13 

2.5       Commonly Used Microbial Indicators                                                                       14 

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods                                                                         17 

3.1       Study Area                                                                                                                  17 

3.2       Collection of Samples                                                                                                17 

3.3       Material and Apparatus Used                                                                                     17 

3.4       Sterilization of Glasswares                                                                                         18 

3.5       Media Used and Preparation                                                                                      18 

3.6       Physical and Chemical Analysis of the Swimming Pool Water                                    18 

3.7       Cultural Techniques                                                                                                   19 

3.8       Identification of the Isolates                                                                                       20 

3.8.1    Morphological Characteristics                                                                                   20 

3.8.2    Biochemical Characteristics                                                                                       21 

3.8.1.1 Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining                                    21 

3.8.2.2 Catalase Test                                                                                                               22 

3.8.2.3 Oxidase Test                                                                                                               22 

3.8.2.4 Citrate Utilisation Test                                                                                               22 

3.8.2.5 Urease Test                                                                                                                 23 

3.8.2.6 Indole Test                                                                                                                  23 

3.8.2.7 Methyl Red Test                                                                                                         23 

CHAPTER FOUR: Results                                                                                   25 

CHAPTER FIVE                                                                                                                    33 

5.1       Discussion                                                                                                                   33 

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                                  36 

5.3       Recommendation                                                                                                       37 

References                                                                                                                              38 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Table  Title                                                                                                                       Pages 

4.1       Physiochemical Parameters of Swimming Pool Water in Ijebu-North Local 

                        Government Area                                                                                           26 

 

4.2       The total microbial load count of isolates from the various swimming pool 

            water in Ijebu-North Local Government Area                                                           27 

 

4.3       Morphological Characterization of Bacteria Isolated                                                28 

4.4       Biochemical Reaction of Bacterial Organisms Isolated from Swimming 

            Pool Water in Ijebu-North Local Government Area                                                  31 

Abstract

 Water is essential for life and in most parts of the world including Nigeria, it is used for various activities such as drinking, bathing and recreational purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate public health implications of microorganisms isolated from some swimming pools in Ijebu-north local government area in Ogun State. Swimming pool water samples were collected from five different hotels in Ijebu-North, Ogun state, Nigeria. Physical and chemical parameters such pH, temperature, turbidity, odour and colour were carried out. The microbial and biochemical analysis were also determined using standard methods. The result of physical and chemical analysis shows that the water samples were colourless, odourless and some were blue amber while the temperature ranged from 25.2oC to 27.5oC, the pH ranged from 6.01 to 7.41. The microbial count ranged from 1.01 x 10-4 to 3.21 x 10-4 cfu/100ml. The result of the bacteria isolates revealed that five bacteria genera were isolated, these includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella pneumonae. From these results, it can be concluded that most of the bacteriological and physiochemical parameters measured from swimming pools were not in compliance with the reference value set out by WHO guideline. This is mainly due to lack of awareness, absence of monitoring, proper disinfectant and lack of information or control over related parameters to efficient disinfection process. It is suggested that the observed problems can be minimized by promoting good hygiene education and practices for swimmers, applying a better and strict supervision, providing training and education for operators. 

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