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WINE PRODUCTION FROM MIXED ORANGE (Citrus sinesis) AND PINEAPPLE (Ananas comosus) FRUITS FORTIFIED WITH HONEY

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                                                    1

1.0       Introduction                                                                                                                 1

1.2       Aim of the Study                                                                                                         4

1.3       Objectives of the Study                                                                                               4

CHAPTER TWO                                                                                                                   5

2.0       Literature Review                                                                                                        5

2.1       History of fermentation                                                                                              5

2.2       Fermentation                                                                                                              5

2.3       Wine production                                                                                                          6

2. 3.1   Process of wine production                                                                                         7

2.3.1.1 Harvesting                                                                                                                   7

2.3.1.2 Crushing and Pressing                                                                                     7

2.3.1.3 Fermentation                                                                                                              7

2.3.1.4 Clarification                                                                                                                7

2.3.1.5 Aging and bottling                                                                                                      8

2.4       Microbial spoilage of wine                                                                                          8

2.4.1    Spoilage agents                                                                                                           9

2.4.1.1 Yeast spoilage                                                                                                             9

2.4.1.2 Bacteria Spoilage                                                                                                        9

CHAPTER THREE                                                                                                               12

3.1       Collection of samples                                                                                                  12

3.2       Sterilization procedure                                                                                     12

3.3       Preparation of mixed must                                                                                           12

3.4       Development of inoculum                                                                                           13

3.5       Fermentation process                                                                                                   13

3.6       Fermentation product analysis                                                                         14

3.6.1    Determination of pH                                                                                                   14

3.6.2    Other fermentation parameters                                                                        14

3.6.3    Organoleptic evaluation                                                                                              14

3.6.4    Statistical analysis                                                                                                        17

CHAPTER FOUR                                                                                                                 18

4.0       Results                                                                                                                         18

4.1       Physical changes in fermentation medium with days of fermentation             18

4.2       fermentation product analysis                                                                                      18

CHAPTER FIVE                                                                                                                   29

5.0       Discussion, conclusion and recommendation                                                              29

5.1       Discussion                                                                                                                   29

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                                  31

5.3       Recommendation                                                                                                        31

References                                                                                                                               32

Appendices                                                                                                                             38

LIST OF TABLES

Table   Title                                                                                                                         Page

2.1       Spoilage of wine by yeast                                                                                           10

2.2       Spoilage of wine by bacteria                                                                                       11

4.1       Analysis of mixed must (pineapple and orange) before pitching.                               20

4.2       Organoleptic Analysis                                                                                                 28

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure   Title                                                                                                                        Page

4.1       Temperature of the mixed must during fermentation                                                  21

4.2       pH of mixed must during fermentation                                                                       22

4.3       Density of mixed must during fermentation                                                               23

4.4       Original gravity of mixed must during fermentation                                                    24

4.5       specific gravity of mixed must during fermentation                                                     25

4.6       reducing sugar of mixed must during fermentation                                                     26

4.7       Alcohol content of mixed must during fermentation                                                   27

Abstract

In this research, two kinds of wines were produced from mixture of pineapple and orange. The first type coded sample A was mixture of pineapple and orange fortified with sugar and honey syrup and the second, sample B was mixture of pineapple and orange fortified with sugar syrup. Both were sterilized using sodium meta-bisulphite before the addition of sugar and honey syrup and then inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain collected from Nigerian Breweries Plc. Sample A was fermented for 9 days while sample B was fermented for 7 days. Organoleptic evaluation was carried out by 15 tasters to determine the quality of the wine. Before analysis, samples were filtered using a finning substance called Kielseguhr to remove the yeast and sediments after which they were allowed to age for 90days. The pH was monitored with pH meter while brix content, alcohol, colour, density, temperature, gravity were monitored with alcolyser machine. The pH of the must before pitching was 3.84, alcohol was 0.0%, brix was 11.050P while the specific gravity was 1.043. It was observed that there was fluctuation in the pH of both samples. Twenty four hours after fermentation, pH was reduced and later increased after 48hrs of fermentation and reduced again and on the 7th day increased, so at the end of fermentation for both samples, the pH value was more than the reading taken before inoculation.  There was a gradual decrease and increase in reducing sugar and alcohol respectively for both samples. The sugar level of sample B was 0.070 P as against 11.050 P before the onset of fermentation and the alcoholic content after completion of the experiment was 5.12%. Sample A had brix of 5.050P as against 20.680P before the fermentation and alcohol of 7.35% after the 7th day. On the 9th day, the sugar has further decreased to 1.230 P and the alcohol content has increased to 9.82%. 

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