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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF ISOLATES FROM GROUNDWATER LOCATED WITHIN AQUACULTURE FARMS
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aim of the Study 2
1.3 Objectives of the Study 3
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 4
2.1 Resistance in the Environment 4
2.2 Ground water as source of antibiotics and resistance in the environment 5
2.3 Aquaculture as Source of Bacteria Resistance 7
2.4 Human impacts 8
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Method 9
3.1 Selection of Sampling Area 9
3.2 Collection of Samples 9
3.3 Sterilization of Glasswares 9
3.4 Isolation and Identification of Microorganism 9
3.5 Identification and Characterization of Bacterial Isolated 10
3.5.1 Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining 11
3.5.2 Catalase Test 11
3.5.3 Oxidase Test 12
3.5.4 Citrate Utilisation Test 12
3.5.5 Urease Test 13
3.5.6 Indole Test 13
3.5.7 Methyl Red Test 13
3.6 Antibiotic Susceptibility Test 14
3.6.1 Preparation of Inoculum 14
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 15
4.1 Total Viable Count of Sampled Wells 15
4.2 Total Coliform Count of Sample Wells 15
4.3 Identification of Isolates 15
4.4 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing 15
CHAPTER FIVE 22
5.0 Discussion 22
5.2 Conclusion 23
REFERENCES 25
APPENDIX 29
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
4.1. Total viable count (cfu/ml) of Sampled Wells 16
4.2 Total Coliform count (cfu/ml) of Sampled Wells 17
4.3 Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Bacteria Isolate from
Groundwater locate within Aquaculture 18
4.4 Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Isolate Organisms to Selected Antibiotics 19
4.5 Percentage susceptibility/resistance of different antimicrobial agents to isolated Organisms 20
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures Title Page
4.1 Percentage Susceptibility of Bacterial Isolates to Test Antibiotics 21
Abstract
Antibiotics are emerging environmental contaminants, causing both short-term and long-term alterations of natural microbial communities due to their high biological activities. The antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates from groundwater located within aquaculture farms was carried out. A total of 6 samples were analysed for the presence of bacteria. Isolation was done by pour plate method using selective agar, Eosin-methylene-blue (EMB) agar, Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar. Total coliform count was determined by pour plate method on MacConkey agar plates. Suspected isolates were identified and characterised using conventional biochemical methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was carried out using five antibiotics: streptomycin, erythromycin, ampicillin, oxytetracycline and neomycin by disc diffusion method. A total of 50 isolates made up of 6 genera (Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., and Bacillus spp.) were isolated from the ground water sample. Mean total viable count was 1.92 x 108 cfu/ml and ranged from 1.16 x 108 to 2.65 x 108 cfu/ml. Mean total coliform count was 8.4 x 107 cfu/ml and ranged from 5.0 x 107 to 12.5 x 107 cfu/ml. Resistance to test antibiotics ranged from 8% to 80%. These results showed the groundwaters as reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria species which may have public health consequences.
Keywords: Antibiotic Resistance, Aquaculture and Bacteria
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