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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZE BY USING ENANTIA CHLORATHA.
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.0 Introduction 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 4
1.3 Justification of the Study 5
1.4 Aim of the Study 5
1.5 Objectives of the Study 5
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 6
2.1 Enantia chlorantha 6
2.2 Traditional uses 7
2.3 Reported phytoconstituents 8
2.4 Antimicrobial and antibacterial activity of Enantia chlorantha 9
2.5 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) 10
2.6 Silver Nanoparticles in Plants 13
2.6.1 Accumulation 13
2.6.2 Toxicity and Tolerance 17
2.7 Biological activities of silver nanoparticles 18
2.7.1 Antibacterial activity of Silver Nanoparticles 18
2.7.2 Antifungal activity 19
2.7.3 Antiviral activity 20
2.7.4 Anticancer activity 20
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods 22
3.1 Collection of Plant Materials 22
3.2 Preparation of Extract 22
3.3 Phytochemical Screening 22
3.3.1 Test for Tannins 23
3.3.2 Test for Flavonoids 23
3.3.3 Test for Saponins 23
3.3.4 Test for Cardiac Glycosides 23
3.3.5 Test for Alkaloids 24
3.3.6 Test for Phenols 24
3.4 Bio-Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from the Extract of Enantia chlorantha 24
3.5 Antibacterial activity of Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles 25
3.6 Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test 25
CHAPTER FOUR 26
4.0 Result 26
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and Conclusion 31
5.1 Discussion 31
5.2 Conclusion 33
References 34
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Pages
1 Phytochemical Constituent of Enantia chlorantha 28
2 Experiment of Antibacterial activity of stem bark extracts of Enantia
Chlorantha 29
3 Zone of Inhibition of Antibiotics against Test Organisms 30
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles have found tremendous applications in the field of high sensitivity biomolecular detection and diagnosis, antimicrobials and therapeutics, catalysis and microelectronics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesize by using Enantia chlorathia. Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of Enantia chlorantha revealed the presence of saponins, reducing sugar, alkaloids, caridiac glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. Enantia chlorathia methane extract showed high antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli but no activity was recorded for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus substilis. Hexane extract showed high antibacterial activity against Bacillus spp. while no antibacterial activity was recorded for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. Acetone showed high antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. Also, the organism were susceptible to antibiotics and with Bacillus substilis having a higher zone of inhibition using augmentin of 28.00mm, Escherichia coli, having a higher zone of inhibition using augmentin 25.00mm staphylococcus aureus having a higher zone of inhibition using agmentin 25.00mm, pseudomonas aeruginosa having a higher zone of inhibition with augmentin 20.00mm and salmonella typhi having a higher zone of inhibition with streptomycin 22.00mm. The Silver nanoparticle showed a higher antibacterial effect against the human pathogens. From the research, an increasing attention towards utilization of plant extract of nanoparticles synthesis lead to the development of environment-friendly techniques.
Keywords: Silver Nanoparticles, Enantia chloratha, Phytochemical, antibacterial activity
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