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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME LOCAL COSMETIC PRODUCTS ON SELECTED BACTERIAL

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Table of contents

 

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction                                                                                               1 

1.1       Justification of the Study                                                                                            3 

1.2       Aim of the Study                                                                                                        3 

1.3       Objectives of the Study                                                                                              3 

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                                                    4 

2.1       Meaning and Overview of Cosmetics                                                                        4 

2.2       Natural Products as Cosmetics                                                                                   6 

2.3       Antimicrobial Activities of Natural Cosmetic Products                                             7 

2.4       Cosmetics and Antioxidant Components                                                                   7 

2.4       Contamination of Cosmetics                                                                                      8 

2.5       Different Local Cosmetic Products                                                                            10 

2.5.1    Camwood                                                                                                                    10 

2.5.2      African Black soap                                                                                                     11 

2.5.3      Lemon grass                                                                                                                12 

2.5.4    Coconut oil                                                                                                                 13 

2.5.5    Aloe vera                                                                                                                    14 

2.5.6    Shea butter                                                                                                                  15 

2.5.7    Palm Kernel                                                                                                                16 

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Method                                                                          18 

3.1       Sample Collection                                                                                                      18 

3.2        Material Used                                                                                                       18 

3.3       Sterilization of Glassware                                                                                          18 

3.4       Media Preparation                                                                                                      19 

3.5       Preparation of Plant Extract                                                                                       19 

3.6       Test Organisms                                                                                                           19 

3.7       Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity                                                                         20 

3.7.1    Suspension of Tests Organisms                                                                                  20 

2.8       Minimal Inhibitory Concentration and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration Test     20 

CHAPTER FOUR: Results                                                                                                    21 

CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and Conclusion                                                                      49 

5.1                   Discussion                                                                                                       49 

5.2                   Conclusion                                                                                                      51 

References                                                                                                                              53 



 

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Abstract

 

The antibacterial activity of some local cosmetic products on selected bacteria was investigated. The clinical cultures used in the study were Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp. and Klebsiella spp. The local cosmetic products used for antibacterial assay were extracted using ethanol and aqueous. Bacterial cultures for the inhibitory effect of the samples for different concentration of 25%, 50% and 100% was performed by using agar well diffusion method.  The cosmetics were more effective in their ethanolic extract at concentrations of 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml than aqueous extract. Aloe vera and black soap were more effective compare to other local cosmetics used. Having the lowest zone of inhibition of 6mm and 16mm each at 25mg/ml and the highest zone of inhibition of 16mm and 22mm respectively at 100mg/ml in their ethanoic state. Black soap was more effective in its aqueous extracts against all isolates with lowest inhibition of 6mm at 25mg/ml and highest inhibition of 20mm at 50mg/ml. Also the result antibacterial assay (MIC and MBC) indicated that all extracts showed bactericidal activities. It was observed that almost all the extracts retained a lesser MICs value in their ethanoic state. The MBC value of black soap against these organisms entirely coincident with the MIC (25mg/ml).  Finally it is recommend that the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and the Consumers Protection Council (CPC) should rise up to their responsibility of ensuring that the ingredient listed on the containers of these deodorants and their concentrations are actually corresponding to their real contents to avoid deceiving the poor masses. 

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