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ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF BITTER KOLA ON GASTROINTESTINAL BACTERIA
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Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aim of the Study 3
1.3 Objectives of the Study 3
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Medicinal Plants 4
2.2 The Secondary Metabolites and their Medicinal Uses 5
2.3 Scientific Classification Bitter Kola 12
2.4 Traditional uses 13
2.5 Phytoconstituents 14
2.6 Antimicrobial activity 16
2.7 Gastroprotective activity 17
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS 18
3.1 Samples Collection 18
3.2 Samples Preparation 18
3.3 Preparation of Kola Extracts 18
3.4 Chemicals/ Reagents 19
3.5 Collection of Gastrointestinal isolates 19
3.6 Preparation of 0.5 McFarland Standards 19
3.7 Pathogenic Test 20
3.8 Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Bitter Kola Extracts 20
CHAPTER FOUR 21
CHAPTER FIVE 29
5.1 Discussion 29
5.2 Conclusion 30
5.3 Recommendations 31
REFERENCES 32
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
1 Enumeration of bacteria spore/colonies in Garcinia kola extract 24
2 Survival of Gastroenteritis pathogens in dried Garcinia kola 26
3 Percentage inhibition of Garcinia kola on selected gastroenteritis pathogens 28
Abstract
Traditional healing plays an integral role in African culture as it provides primary health care needs for a large majority. Garcinia kola is among the plants abundantly used in traditional medicine to cure diseases. The study investigated the antimicrobial effect of bitter kola on the gastrointestinal bacteria. Five grams (5g) each of bitter kola freshly harvested was purchased from Ago-iwoye daily- Market in Ijebu-north local government, Ogun State South West, Nigeria. The Garcinia kola were screened for antimicrobial activity against some gastrointestinal bacteria which include Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsiellia spp. and Salmonella spp. The enumeration of bacteria spore in Garcinia kola extract showed increment in 133mg/ml and 100mg/ml of Escherichia coli, 100mg/ml of Staphylococcus aureus, 133mg/ml and 100mg/ml of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 100mg/ml of Klebsiellia spp. and 100mg/ml of Salmonella spp. The survival profile of gastroenteritis pathogens in dried Garcinia kola revealed 100% survivor for Salmonella spp., followed by 93% for Klebsiellia spp., 84% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 51% for Escherichia coli and 11% for Staphylococcus aureus. The results of this research showed that Bitter Kola possess some degree of inhibitory effects against the selected microorganisms. The results of the Garcinia kola nut may be attributed to the presence of some pharmacokinetic compounds. There is need to investigate the antimicrobial potency of the plant against wider range of clinical isolates of pathogenic organisms in order to obtain a more accurate evaluation of the plants therapeutic potential.
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