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ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF BITTER KOLA ON GASTROINTESTINAL BACTERIA

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                                                     1

1.1       Introduction                                                                                                                1

1.2       Aim of the Study                                                                                                        3

1.3       Objectives of the Study                                                                                              3

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW                                                                        4

2.1       Medicinal Plants                                                                                                         4

2.2       The Secondary Metabolites and their Medicinal Uses                                               5

2.3       Scientific Classification Bitter Kola                                                                           12

2.4       Traditional uses                                                                                                          13

2.5       Phytoconstituents                                                                                                       14

2.6       Antimicrobial activity                                                                                                16

2.7       Gastroprotective activity                                                                                            17

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS                                                         18

3.1       Samples Collection                                                                                                     18

3.2       Samples Preparation                                                                                                   18

3.3       Preparation of Kola Extracts                                                                                      18

3.4       Chemicals/ Reagents                                                                                                  19

3.5       Collection of Gastrointestinal isolates                                                                        19

3.6       Preparation of 0.5 McFarland Standards                                                                    19

3.7       Pathogenic Test                                                                                                          20

3.8       Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Bitter Kola Extracts                                                      20

CHAPTER FOUR                                                                                                                  21

CHAPTER FIVE                                                                                                                    29

5.1       Discussion                                                                                                                   29

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                                  30

5.3       Recommendations                                                                                                      31

REFERENCES                                                                                                                       32

LIST OF TABLES

Table  Title                                                                                                                          Page

1          Enumeration of bacteria spore/colonies in Garcinia kola extract                         24

2        Survival of Gastroenteritis pathogens in dried Garcinia kola                        26

3          Percentage inhibition of Garcinia kola on selected gastroenteritis pathogens        28

Abstract

Traditional healing plays an integral role in African culture as it provides primary health care needs for a large majority. Garcinia kola is among the plants abundantly used in traditional medicine to cure diseases. The study investigated the antimicrobial effect of bitter kola on the gastrointestinal bacteria. Five grams (5g) each of bitter kola freshly harvested was purchased from Ago-iwoye daily- Market in Ijebu-north local government, Ogun State South West, Nigeria. The Garcinia kola were screened for antimicrobial activity against some gastrointestinal bacteria which include Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsiellia spp. and Salmonella spp. The enumeration of bacteria spore in Garcinia kola extract showed increment in 133mg/ml and 100mg/ml of Escherichia coli, 100mg/ml of Staphylococcus aureus, 133mg/ml and 100mg/ml of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 100mg/ml of Klebsiellia spp. and 100mg/ml of Salmonella spp. The survival profile of gastroenteritis pathogens in dried Garcinia kola revealed 100% survivor for Salmonella spp., followed by 93% for Klebsiellia spp., 84% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 51% for Escherichia coli and 11% for Staphylococcus aureus. The results of this research showed that Bitter Kola possess some degree of inhibitory effects against the selected microorganisms. The results of the Garcinia kola nut may be attributed to the presence of some pharmacokinetic compounds. There is need to investigate the antimicrobial potency of the plant against wider range of clinical isolates of pathogenic organisms in order to obtain a more accurate evaluation of the plants therapeutic potential.

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