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AN APPRAISAL OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES AT REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA (1985-2015)

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Table of contents

Table of content                                                                                                          vii

Abstract                                                                                                                      xi

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction                                                                    1

1.1      Background to the Study                                                                              1

1.2       Statement of the Problem                                                                               2

1.3       Objective of the Study                                                                                    3

1.4       Research Questions                                                                                        4          

1.5       Research Hypothesis                                                                                      4

1.6       Method of Study                                                                                             4

1.7       Significance of the Study                                                                               5

1.8       Scope and Limitation of the Study                                                                 5

1.9       Plan of Study                                                                                                  6

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                                        7

2.0       Introduction                                                                                                    7

2.1       Conceptual Review                                                                                         7

2.1.1    Concept of Unemployment                                                                            7

2.1.2    Unemployment Rate                                                                                       7

2.2       Theoretical Review                                                                                        9

2.2.1    Classical Economic Theory                                                                            9

2.2.2    Theory of Innovations                                                                                    13

2.2.3    Theory of Effective Demand                                                                          18

2.2.4    Real Business Cycle Theory                                                                           20

2.3       Empirical Review                                                                                           21

2.4       Stylized Facts Showing Trends and Patterns of Unemployment in                                             Nigeria since 1985-2015                                                                                 29

 

2.4.1    The Root Causes and Consequences of Youth Unemployment                        29

2.4.2    Reasons for the Growing Youth Unemployment in Nigeria                          31

2.4.3    Unemployment Challenges in Nigeria                                                           32

2.4.4    Government Effort in Reducing Unemployment in Nigeria                          36

2.4.5    Other Attempts at Curbing Youth Unemployment                                        36

CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology                                                            39

3.1       Introduction                                                                                                    39

3.2       Sources of Data                                                                                              39

3.3       Re-Statement of the Hypothesis                                                                     39

3.4       Method of Data Collection                                                                             40

3.5       Method of Analysis                                                                                        40

3.6       Model Specification                                                                                      40

3.7       Criteria for Decision Making                                                                         41

3.8       Research Limitation                                                                                       43

CHAPTER FOUR: Analysis and Interpretation of Result                                         44

4.1       Introduction                                                                                                    44

4.1.1    Restatement of Model                                                                                    44

4.1.2    Evaluation Based on Econometric Criteria.                                                   47        

4.1.3    Coefficients of Explanatory Variables                                                           48

4.2       Analysis of the Impact of the Independent Factors on the Dependent       49        Variable 

 

4.3       Testing of Hypothesis (with E-VIEWS)                                                        49

CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation                     51

5.1      Summary                                                                                         50

5.2.      Conclusion                                                                                                      53

5.3       Recommendations                                                                                          54

References                                                                                                 56

 

 

 



 

LIST OF TABLE

Table  Title                                                                                                                Page

1          Data Table                                                                                                      45

1.1       Estimated Regression Result                                                                          46

1.2       A Priori Expectations                                                                                     47

Abstract

This study examines the appraisal of government policy at reducing unemployment in Nigeria between the periods of 1985-2015. The study highlighted the structure, pattern, trends of unemployment, it examines the various government policies that has been used to combat unemployment, it evaluate the effects of theses government policies in reducing unemployment and also determine the factors that have militated against these policies  over the years.

The study made use of secondary data which were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics. The use of econometric model was formulated through the use of multiple regression model of ordinary least squared (OLS) to obtain the relationship between the dependent variable (unemployment) and independent variables (job creation, government expenditure on education, government expenditure on power supply and government support for agriculture in the model from 1985-2015.

Findings from the analysis showed that a non significant relationship exist between government policies and unemployment rate in Nigeria. The coefficient of G_EXP (5.13E-08) implies that a unit increase on the spending on education would bring about approximately 0.000005% increase on unemployment rate. The coefficient of GA (1.32E-07) also implies a unit increase on government support to agriculture would bring about approximately 0.00001% increase on unemployment. The coefficient of GP (2.50E-08) implies that a unit increase on the provision of power supply for firms would bring about approximately 0.000002% increase on unemployment. Lastly, the coefficient of job creation (2.25E-06) implies a unit increase on expenditure on job creation policies would result in approximately 0.0002% increase on unemployment. To the above illustration, the whole coefficients are positive but implies a smallest change on the dependent variable (unemployment).

It was concluded that government policies for the period of 1980 to 2015 has no significant positive impact on unemployment rate in Nigeria. Among other recommendations is that government must ensure necessary modification in the educational system in the country that would make graduates to be employers of labour and self-employed, instead of looking for scarce job opportunities. 

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