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AN APPRAISAL OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES AT REDUCING UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA (1985-2015)
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Table of contents
Table of content vii
Abstract xi
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 2
1.3 Objective of the Study 3
1.4 Research Questions 4
1.5 Research Hypothesis 4
1.6 Method of Study 4
1.7 Significance of the Study 5
1.8 Scope and Limitation of the Study 5
1.9 Plan of Study 6
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 7
2.0 Introduction 7
2.1 Conceptual Review 7
2.1.1 Concept of Unemployment 7
2.1.2 Unemployment Rate 7
2.2 Theoretical Review 9
2.2.1 Classical Economic Theory 9
2.2.2 Theory of Innovations 13
2.2.3 Theory of Effective Demand 18
2.2.4 Real Business Cycle Theory 20
2.3 Empirical Review 21
2.4 Stylized Facts Showing Trends and Patterns of Unemployment in Nigeria since 1985-2015 29
2.4.1 The Root Causes and Consequences of Youth Unemployment 29
2.4.2 Reasons for the Growing Youth Unemployment in Nigeria 31
2.4.3 Unemployment Challenges in Nigeria 32
2.4.4 Government Effort in Reducing Unemployment in Nigeria 36
2.4.5 Other Attempts at Curbing Youth Unemployment 36
CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology 39
3.1 Introduction 39
3.2 Sources of Data 39
3.3 Re-Statement of the Hypothesis 39
3.4 Method of Data Collection 40
3.5 Method of Analysis 40
3.6 Model Specification 40
3.7 Criteria for Decision Making 41
3.8 Research Limitation 43
CHAPTER FOUR: Analysis and Interpretation of Result 44
4.1 Introduction 44
4.1.1 Restatement of Model 44
4.1.2 Evaluation Based on Econometric Criteria. 47
4.1.3 Coefficients of Explanatory Variables 48
4.2 Analysis of the Impact of the Independent Factors on the Dependent 49 Variable
4.3 Testing of Hypothesis (with E-VIEWS) 49
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation 51
5.1 Summary 50
5.2. Conclusion 53
5.3 Recommendations 54
References 56
LIST OF TABLE
Table Title Page
1 Data Table 45
1.1 Estimated Regression Result 46
1.2 A Priori Expectations 47
Abstract
This study examines the appraisal of government policy at reducing unemployment in Nigeria between the periods of 1985-2015. The study highlighted the structure, pattern, trends of unemployment, it examines the various government policies that has been used to combat unemployment, it evaluate the effects of theses government policies in reducing unemployment and also determine the factors that have militated against these policies over the years.
The study made use of secondary data which were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics. The use of econometric model was formulated through the use of multiple regression model of ordinary least squared (OLS) to obtain the relationship between the dependent variable (unemployment) and independent variables (job creation, government expenditure on education, government expenditure on power supply and government support for agriculture in the model from 1985-2015.
Findings from the analysis showed that a non significant relationship exist between government policies and unemployment rate in Nigeria. The coefficient of G_EXP (5.13E-08) implies that a unit increase on the spending on education would bring about approximately 0.000005% increase on unemployment rate. The coefficient of GA (1.32E-07) also implies a unit increase on government support to agriculture would bring about approximately 0.00001% increase on unemployment. The coefficient of GP (2.50E-08) implies that a unit increase on the provision of power supply for firms would bring about approximately 0.000002% increase on unemployment. Lastly, the coefficient of job creation (2.25E-06) implies a unit increase on expenditure on job creation policies would result in approximately 0.0002% increase on unemployment. To the above illustration, the whole coefficients are positive but implies a smallest change on the dependent variable (unemployment).
It was concluded that government policies for the period of 1980 to 2015 has no significant positive impact on unemployment rate in Nigeria. Among other recommendations is that government must ensure necessary modification in the educational system in the country that would make graduates to be employers of labour and self-employed, instead of looking for scarce job opportunities.
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