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BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH BLENDED MELON (Citrullus colocynthis L.)

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                                                                                               1

1.1       Background to the Study                                                                                           1

1.2       Significance of the Study                                                                                           2

1.3       Aim and Objectives of the Study                                                                               2

1.3.1    Aim                                                                                                                             2

1.3.2    Objectives of the Study                                                                                              3

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW                                                                                    4

2.1       Melon (Citrullus colocynthis)                                                                                      4

2.2       Chemical Constituents of Egusi                                                                                 8

2.3       Toxicity of Egusi                                                                                                        10

2.4       Microbial Spoilage of Egusi and Egusi Products                                                       11

2.5       Importance and Uses of Melon                                                                                  14

2.6       Antimicrobial Activities of Egusi                                                                               16

CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS                                                        18

3.1       Study Area                                                                                                                  18

3.2       Sample Collection                                                                                                       18

3.3       Materials Used                                                                                                            18

3.3.1    Media                                                                                                                          18

3.3.2    Chemicals                                                                                                                    18

3.3.3    Equipment                                                                                                                   18

3.4       Isolation of Microorganisms                                                                                       18

3.4.1    Isolation of Pure                                                                                                         19

3.5       Characterization of Microorganisms                                                                           19

3.5.1    Gram Staining                                                                                                             19

3.5.2    Biochemical tests                                                                                                        20

3.6       Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing                                                                                21

3.6.1    Preparation of Inoculum                                                                                             21

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT                                                                                                23

Table 4.1: Total Microbial Count (cfu/ml) of Egusi Samples                                     23

Table 4.2: Morphological Characteristics of Bacteria Isolated from Egusi Samples              24

Table 4.3: Biochemical Characteristics of Bacteria Isolated from Egusi Samples                 25

Table 4.4: Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Gram Negative Bacterial Isolated from Egusi 

Samples                                                                                                                       26

Table 4.5: Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Gram Positive Bacterial Isolated from Egusi 

Samples                                                                                                                       27

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS        28

5.1       Discussion                                                                                                                   28

5.2       Conclusion and Recommendations                                                                            28

References                                                                                                                              30

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse the microbial activities of egusi and determine their susceptibility to selected antibiotics. Grinded enugi melon used for the study were collected from 10 different retailers in New Market, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria and processed for microbiological analysis. The microbial count ranged from 2.0 x 102 to 5.8 x 106. The isolated bacteria were Klebsiella pneumonae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus epidermis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Three bacteria isolates, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae were sensitive to Augmentin, Gentamycin, Pefloxacin, Tarivid. Streptomycin, Septrin, Chloramphenicol, Sparfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Amoxacillin. However, Escherichia coli was sensitive to Gentamycin, Chloramphenicol, Sparfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. Staphylococcus epidermis was sensitive to all the antibiotics while Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to only ciprofloxacin and gentamycin. The presence of pathogenic bacteria might be due to pre-harvest or post-harvest processing or an indication of poor hygienic practices during production. Though, most of the bacteria isolated from melon samples were sensitive to test antibiotics, there is need for proper hygiene practice in the pre-harvest and post-harvest production of melon. Also, consumer should maintain good hygiene practice when preparing melon as food condiment.

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