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PHYSIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND FISH SAMPLES OF OME RIVER

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                      1

1.1     Introduction                                                                                    1

1.2     Aim and Objective of the Study                                                    4

1.2.1  Aim of the Study                                                                            4

1.2.2  Objective of the Study                                                                   4

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                      5

2.1     Aquaculture                                                                                    5

2.2     Fish and Aquaculture                                                                     6

2.3     Growth of Fish                                                                               7

2.4     Factors affecting Fish Growth (Physical factors)                          10

2.4.1 Temperature                                                                                   10

2.4.2  Turbidity                                                                                        10

2.4.3  Dissolved Oxygen                                                                          11

2.4.4  pH                                                                                                  12

2.4.5  Ammonia (NH3)                                                                            13

2.5     Physicochemical Parameters                                                         14

2.5.1 pH                                                                                                  14

2.5.2  Temperature                                                                                   14

2.5.3  Conductivity                                                                                  15

2.5.4  Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)                                                        15

2.6     Impact of aquaculture on environment                                          15

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods                                          18

3.1     Description of the Sampling Site                                                   18

3.2     Collection of Water samples                                                          18

3.3     Collection of Fish Samples                                                            18

3.4     Digestion of Samples and Analysis                                               19

CHAPTER FOUR: Results                                                                      20

CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion                                                                  23

References                                                                                                29

LIST OF TABLE

LIST TITLE                                                                                               PAGE

4.1      Mean Concentration of Physicochemical Parameters in the Four Water   Sampling                                                                                                               21

4.2       Mean Concentration of Heavy Metals in Water and Fish Samples.    22

Abstract

Physicochemical parameters and heavy metal content of the Ome River at Ago-Iwoye in Ijebu-North Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria were determined using standard analytical methods. Four water sample were selected along the river. Parameters determined include chloride, conductivity, salinity, ammonium ion, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and total hard-ness as well as concentration of some heavy metals (Fe, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn) in both water and fish samples. Concentration of heavy metals was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry while Na and K were estimated by flame photometry. The river was slightly acidic in Sample 1 (pH 6.80) and slightly alkaline in Sample 4 (pH 7.47). Turbidity ranged from 16 FTU (in Sample 4) to 22.0 FTU (in Sample 1) with a mean value of 19.250 FTU. The dissolved oxygen range of 5.16 (Sample 2) to 8.0 (Sample 4) ensures the survival of aquatic organisms. Iron was the most abundant metal both in fish (11.45 mg/kg) and water (4.85 mg/L). Cadmium had the lowest concentration in water (0.19 mg/kg) while Zn and Ni had the lowest concentrations in fish (0.18 mg/kg). Generally the heavy metals had significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations in fish than water.

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