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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PIPEBORNE WATER AND OTHER WATER SOURCES IN IJEBU-NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OGUN STATE
Categories
Table of contents
Title Page i
Abstract ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Table of Contents vi
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aim of the Study 3
1.3 Objective of the Study 4
1.4 Justification of the Study 4
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 5
2.1 Water and Health 5
2.2 Water Quality Standards 7
2.3 Quality of Drinking Water 7
2.4 The Importance of Water Quality 8
2.5 Waterborne Pathogen and Transmission of Enteric Bacteria 10
2.6 Survival of Enteric Bacteria in Water 11
2.7 The Effects of Poor Water Quality on Humans Health 12
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Method 14
3.1 Description of Study Area 14
3.2 Collection of Samples 14
3.3 Materials Used 14
3.4 Sterilization of Glasswares 15
3.5 Media Used 15
3.6 Media Preparation 15
3.7 Microbiological Analysis 15
3.7.1 Serial Dilution 15
3.7.2 Total Viable Count Determination 16
3.7.3 Total Viable Count 16
3.7.4 Identification and Characterization of Isolated Bacteria 17
3.7.4.1 Morphological characteristics of the colonies 17
3.7.4.2 Biochemical Characterization 17
3.7.4.3 Microscopic Identification of Bacteria 17
3.7.4.4 Catalase Test 18
3.7.4.5 Methyl Red Test 18
3.7.4.6 Oxidase Test 19
3.7.4.7 Citrate Utilization Test 19
3.7.4.8 Indole Production Test 20
3.7.4.9 Urease Test 20
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 21
CHAPTER FIVE 27
5.1 Discussion 27
5.2 Conclusion 29
5.3 Recommendations 30
References 32
Appendix 36
Abstract
The usual sources of drinking water in most villages is the streams, rivers, well and if available pipe borne which are mostly untreated and associated with various health risks. This study is therefore conducted to investigate comparative analysis of pipeborne water and other water sources in Ijebu-North, Ogun State. The microbial load was determined by serial dilution and spread plate techniques while the isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out using standard microbiological methods. A total of sixteen samples were collected from four sources of water which included pipeborne water, well water, stream water and rain water. A total of thirty bacteria belonging to six genera were isolated from the various water samples. The total viable count ranged from 1.1 x 106 to 4.1 x 106 from the various water sample collected. The highest count was observed in stream water collected from Ago-Iwoye with 4.1 x 106 while the lowest viable count was observed in pipe borne water collected from Ijebu-Igbo with 1.1 x 106. The total coliform count ranged from 1.1 x 105 to 3.2 x 105 from the various water sample. The highest count was observed in stream water collected from Ijebu-Igbo with 3.2 x 105 while the lowest count was observed in pipe borne water collected from Ago-Iwoye with 1.1 x 105. The bacteria organisms isolated in their decreasing order are Escherichia coli, 8 (13.4%), Staphylococcus aureus, 5 (16.7%), Salmonella spp., 5 (16.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4 (13.4%), Shigella spp., (13.4%) and Bacillus spp., 4 (13.4%). The microbial analysis showed that pipe borne water though contained some microorganisms, it is safer for drinking than other sources of water sampled in this study. Other source of water should be treated before consumption while protection and management of water should be put in place in order to improve the quality of water supply.
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