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COMPARISM BETWEEN BACTERIA IN RAW AND PROCESSED CATTLE HIDES AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY
Categories
Table of contents
TITLE PAGE i
ABSTRACT ii
CERTIFICATION iv
DEDICATION v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS viii
LIST OF TABLES x
LIST OF FIGURES xi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Aims and objective 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review
2.1 Cattle hides and their sources of contamination 4
2.2 Bacteria often associated with cattle hides 5
2.3 Antimicrobial susceptibility in cattle hides 8
2.4 Decontamination of cattle hides 10
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and method
3.1 Collection of samples 18
3.2 Sterilization of glasswares 18
3.3 Media composition 18
3.4 Media preparation 19
3.5 Sampling of cattle hides 19
3.6 Isolation of microorganisms 19
3.7 Identification and characterization of isolated organisms 20
3.8 Biochemical characterization 20
3.9 Antibiotic susceptibility testing 26
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results 28
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion 40
5.1 Conclusion 42
REFERENCES 43
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Microbial load in cattle hides for 10-2 dilutions (103) 28
Table 2: Microbial load in cattle hides for 10-4 dilutions (105) 39
Table 3: Morphological characterization of isolates 30
Table 4: Biochemical characterization of isolates 31
Table 5: Percentage of contaminated cattle hides 34
Table 6: Frequency distribution of isolated bacteria from examined cattle hides 35
Table 7: Comparism between microorganisms gotten from each sample 37
Table 8: Antimicrobial susceptibility test 38
Abstract
The frequency of bacteria in raw and processed cattle hides in Ijebu – Igbo, Ogun State, was examined in this study. Hundred samples of cattle hides including raw (40), processed (soaked) (30), processed (unsoaked) (30) were collected. The raw and processed (soaked) were collected from different market women while the processed (unsoaked) was collected from cattle hide processors at different locations and were analyzed microbiologically.
Out of 100 samples analysed, 74 (74%) were contaminated with bacteria of different spieces including: E. coli (18 %) which had the highest occurrence, followed by B. cereus (12%), S. enteric (7%), P. aeruginosa (7%), S. aureus (7%), B. subtilis (5%), V. parahaemoliticus (4%), S. pneumonia (4%), A. hydrophila (2%), E. faecalis (2%), K. oxytoca (2%), P. vulgaricus (2%) and K. pneumonia (2%).
E. feacalis, P. aerumonas, V. parahaemolyticus, B. subtilis, B. cereus, S. enterica, S. aureus and E. coli were found in both raw and processed (soaked) samples. P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, S. aureus and E. coli were found in the three samples. S. pneumonaie was found in both processed (unsoaked) and (processed soaked). P. vulgaricus was found in only raw. K. oxytoca was found only processed (unsoaked). A. hydrophila and K. pneumonaie were found only in processed (soaked).
Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated microorganism were determined using the Kirby and Bauer method of disk diffusion. The antibiotics used are: tetracycline, gentamicin, doxycilin, amoxicillin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and augmentin. Most of the isolates were susceptible to most of the antibiotics used. Only a few showed resistance. E. faecalis showed resistance to doxycilin, P. aeruginosa to augmentin and ciprofloxacin, A. hydrophila to ciprofloxacin, B. cereus to amoxicillin and doxycilin, and E. coli to augmentin. This result confirmed that bacterial contaminants in cattle hides in Ijebu – Igbo are still susceptible to antimicrobial treatment despite their wide prevalence.
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