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COMPARISM BETWEEN BACTERIA IN RAW AND PROCESSED CATTLE HIDES AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY

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Table of contents

TITLE PAGE                                                                                                                          i

ABSTRACT                                                                                                                           ii

CERTIFICATION                                                                                                                  iv

DEDICATION                                                                                                                        v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT                                                                                                      vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS                                                                                                       viii

LIST OF TABLES                                                                                                                  x

LIST OF FIGURES                                                                                                                xi

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       Introduction                                                                                                                1

1.1       Aims and objective                                                                                                     3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0       Literature review                                                                                

2.1       Cattle hides and their sources of contamination                                                        4

2.2       Bacteria often associated with cattle hides                                                                 5

2.3       Antimicrobial susceptibility in cattle hides                                                                8

2.4       Decontamination of cattle hides                                                                                 10

 CHAPTER THREE

3.0       Materials and method                                                                                             

3.1       Collection of samples                                                                                                18

3.2       Sterilization of glasswares                                                                                          18

3.3       Media composition                                                                                                     18

3.4       Media preparation                                                                                                      19

3.5       Sampling of cattle hides                                                                                             19

3.6       Isolation of microorganisms                                                                                       19

3.7       Identification and characterization of isolated organisms                                          20

3.8       Biochemical characterization                                                                                     20

3.9       Antibiotic susceptibility testing                                                                                  26

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       Results                                                                                                                        28

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0       Discussion                                                                                                                   40

5.1       Conclusion                                                                                                                  42                                                                                                                    

REFERENCES                                                                                                                     43 

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1:           Microbial load in cattle hides for 10-2 dilutions (103)                                     28

Table 2:           Microbial load in cattle hides for 10-4 dilutions (105)                                     39

Table 3:           Morphological characterization of isolates                                                    30

Table 4:           Biochemical characterization of isolates                                                        31

Table 5:           Percentage of contaminated cattle hides                                                        34

Table 6:           Frequency distribution of isolated bacteria from examined cattle hides 35

Table 7:           Comparism between microorganisms gotten from each sample             37

Table 8:           Antimicrobial susceptibility test                                                                     38

Abstract

The frequency of bacteria in raw and processed cattle hides in Ijebu – Igbo, Ogun State, was examined in this study. Hundred samples of cattle hides including raw (40), processed (soaked) (30), processed (unsoaked) (30) were collected. The raw and processed (soaked) were collected from different market women while the processed (unsoaked) was collected from cattle hide processors at different locations and were analyzed microbiologically.

            Out of 100 samples analysed, 74 (74%) were contaminated with bacteria of different spieces including: E. coli (18 %) which had the highest occurrence, followed by B. cereus (12%), S. enteric (7%), P. aeruginosa (7%), S. aureus (7%), B. subtilis (5%), V. parahaemoliticus (4%), S. pneumonia (4%), A. hydrophila (2%), E. faecalis (2%), K. oxytoca (2%), P. vulgaricus (2%) and K. pneumonia (2%).

E. feacalis, P. aerumonas, V. parahaemolyticus, B. subtilis, B. cereus, S. enterica, S. aureus and E. coli were found in both raw and processed (soaked) samples. P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, S. aureus and E. coli were found in the three samples. S. pneumonaie was found in both processed (unsoaked) and (processed soaked). P. vulgaricus was found in only raw. K. oxytoca was found only processed (unsoaked). A. hydrophila and K. pneumonaie were found only in processed (soaked).

Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated microorganism were determined using the Kirby and Bauer method of disk diffusion. The antibiotics used are: tetracycline, gentamicin, doxycilin, amoxicillin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and augmentin. Most of the isolates were susceptible to most of the antibiotics used. Only a few showed resistance. E. faecalis showed resistance to doxycilin, P. aeruginosa to augmentin and ciprofloxacin, A. hydrophila to ciprofloxacin, B. cereus to amoxicillin and doxycilin, and E. coli to augmentin. This result confirmed that bacterial contaminants in cattle hides in Ijebu – Igbo are still susceptible to antimicrobial treatment despite their wide prevalence. 

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