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COMPARISON BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE ACCESS TO MICROFINANCE CREDIT FACILITIES IN IJEBU-NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

Table of contents

Abstract                                                                                                                                  v

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction                                                                                               1

1.1       Background to the Study                                                                                            1

1.2       Statement of the Problem                                                                                           5

1.3       Objectives of the Study                                                                                              6

1.4       Research Questions                                                                                                    6

1.5       Justification for the Study                                                                                           7

1.6       Scope of the Study                                                                                                      7

1.7       Limitation of the Study                                                                                               7

1.8       Definition of Terms                                                                                                    8

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                                                    9

2.1       Literature Review                                                                                                       9

2.2       Theoretical Framework                                                                                              18

2.2.1    Social Action Theory                                                                                                 18

2.2.2    Social Exclusion Theory                                                                                            20

2.2.3    Financial Constraint Theory and Model Generation                                                  21

2.3       Conceptual Framework                                                                                              22

2.3.1    Microfinance and Microfinance Institutions                                                              22

2.3.2    Evolution of Microfinancing                                                                                      26

2.3.3    Types and Characteristics of Microfinance Institutions                                             29

2.3.4    Microfinance, Poverty Reduction and Accessibility to Women                                    31

2.3.5    Evolution of Microfinance Institutions in Nigeria                                                     35

2.3.6    Government Policy and Regulatory Environment of Microfinance in Nigeria         39

2.3.7    Accessibility and Availability to Credit                                                                     46

2.3.8    Gender-Specific Constraints                                                                                      48

2.4       Research Hypotheses                                                                                                  49

CHAPTER THREE: Methodology                                                                                        50

3.0       Study Area                                                                                                                  50

3.1       Research Design                                                                                                         50

3.2       Population of the Study                                                                                              50

3.3       Sample Size and Sampling Procedure                                                                        50

3.4       Instrumentation                                                                                                          51

3.5       Validity of Instrument                                                                                                51

3.6       Reliability of Instrument                                                                                            52

3.7       Procedure for Administration of Instrument                                                              52

3.8       Method of Data Analysis                                                                                            52

CHAPTER FOUR: Data Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis                                      53

4.0       Introduction                                                                                                                53

4.1       Analysis of Respondents’ Personal Data                                                                    54

4.2       Traders Access to Microfinance Credit Facilities in Ijebu-north Local      Government Area                                                                                                       56

4.3       Factors that Constrain Traders from Gaining Access to Microfinance Credit   63

4.4       Test of Hypothesis                                                                                                      67

4.4.1    Hypothesis One                                                                                                            67

4.4.2    Hypothesis Two                                                                                                          68

4.5       Discussion of Findings                                                                                               69

CHAPTER FIVE: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations                                        71

5.0       Introduction                                                                                                                71

5.1       Summary                                                                                                                    71

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                                  72

5.3       Recommendations                                                                                                      73

REFERENCES                                                                                                                       74

APPENDIX: Questionnaire                                                                                        80


LIST OF TABLES

Table  Title                                                                                                                Pages

4.1       Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Participants                                       54        

4.2.1    Are you aware of credit facilities?                                                                 56

4.2.2    Have you ever borrowed or taken loan from microfinance bank?                        56

4.2.3    Do you have any close relationship with the lender?                                     57

4.2.4    If ‘yes’, does this relationship help you to obtain loan?                                 57        

4.2.5    What type of loan did you obtain from microfinance bank?                          57

4.2.6    It is possible to obtain startup funding from microfinance banks by low                         income e groups                                                                                             58

4.2.7    To what extent is it difficult to obtain loan from microfinance bank?  58

4.2.8    Was the loan obtained enough to start-up your business?                              59

4.2.9    It is easier for any trader to obtain loan without difficulties                          59

4.2.10  It is easier to obtain loans from microfinance banks if customers belong to                         groups, in which case, a borrower is guaranteed by the other members of                                 the group                                                                                                         60

4.2.11  Do you agree that pre-borrowing training is necessary for a successful                    loan usage?                                                                                                     60

4.2.12  it is possible to obtain start-up funding from Microfinance banks by low                  income groups                                                                                                61

4.2.13  Microfinance banks officers monitor the use of which the loans they                 give their customers are applied in order to avoid diversion of funds       61

4.2.14  to what extent do you believe that traders have benefited from the                               services of microfinance?                                                                               62

4.2.15  Do you think microfinance loan should be meant for only?                          62

4.2.16  what is the least amount of loans that have been granted to you?                        63

4.2.17 What is the largest amount of loan granted to you by Microfinance bank?    63

4.3.1    Protocol before access loan made it difficult for trader to access loan     64        

4.3.2    High interest rate made it difficult for traders to access loan                         64

4.3.3    The amount of loan given is limited and cannot be effectively used                                         for my business purpose                                                                                 65

4.3.4    The condition given to acquire the loan is too stringent                                65

4.3.5    Non willingness of the bank to grant loan to women                                     66

4.3.6    The loans are given to those that already have capital to startup business           66

4.4.1    Gender Difference of traders access to microfinance facilities                        67

4.4.2    Gender Difference of factors that constraint traders from gaining access to         microfinance credit                                                                                         68

Abstract

This study investigates comparison between male and female traders’ access to microfinance credit facilities in Ijebu-north Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. The study specifically examines traders’ access to microfinance credit facilities in Ijebu-north local government area. It highlights gender inequalities in traders’ access to microfinance facilities in Ijebu-north local government area and also investigate the factors that constraints traders from gaining access to microfinance credit in Ijebu-north local government area. Descriptive survey design was adopted using questionnaire as the prime instrument to generate data from a sample size of three hundred and twenty-five (325) traders. Data generated was analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results showed that traders have constraints in accessing microfinance services. It was concluded that there was gender significant difference among traders access to microfinance facilities in Ijebu-north local government area. Also, there is no gender significant difference among traders on factors that constraint traders from gaining access to microfinance facilities in Ijebu-north local government area. Among other recommendation is Microfinance Institutions should design appropriate procedures that are flexible enough to meet the requirement of traders that intend to loan credit.

 

 

Keywords: Gender, Credit Facilities, Microfinance.

 

Word count: 187

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