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EFFECT OF HONEYBEE (Apis mellifera) VENOM ON SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF ALBINO RATS
Categories
Table of contents
Title Page i
Abstract ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Table of Content vi
List of Tables viii
List of Figure ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 What are honey bees 1
1.2 Honey bee venom 1
1.3 Effects of honey bee venom 2
1.4 Aims 4
1.5 Objectives 4
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Honey Bee venom 5
2.2 Types of Honey Bee Venom 5
2.2.1 Bumble bee venom 5
2.2.2 Solitary bee venom 6
2.3 Physical characteristics of bee venom 8
2.4 The composition of bee venom 8
2.5 Studies on bee venom and its medical use 8
2.6 The allergic for honey bee venom 9
2.7 Cardiac effect of Honey bee venom in rats 10
2.8 Haematological and Biochemical effects on Albino rats 11
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and method 13
3.1 Study Area 13
3.2 Experimental Animal and Design 13
3.3 Collection of blood sample 13
3.4 Biochemical Analysis 14
3.5 Haematological Analysis 14
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results 15
4.1 Biochemical Result 15
4.2 Haemotogical Result 18
CHAPTER FIVE
Discussion and Conclusion 19
5.1 Discussion 19
5.2 Conclusion 20
REFERENCES 21
LIST OF TABLES Page
Table 1: Plasma level of some biochemical parameters of the rat 17
Table 2: Haematological parameters of the control and experimental group 19
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure Page
1 Showing the honeybee Apis Mellifera 1
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study aim to evaluate the effect of honey bee (Apis Mellifera) venom on some haematological and biochemical parameters of albino rat. 25 apparently healthy albino rats were used for this study and the rat were divided into five groups (Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4, Group 5) with five rats per group. Group 1 receive one sting of bee venom per week, group 2 receive three stings per week, group 3 receive five stings per week, group 4 receive seven stings per week and group 5 (control) were left unstinged for a period of four weeks and the rat were stung directly with the honey bee. Blood samples collected were analysed for some biochemical and haematological parameters using a refloton system and autohaemo analyser respectively. Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, total protein and albumin were not significantly different (P>0.05) among the groups. However, there was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the plasma level of LDL-C in group 4 (20.6±11.8) as compared to the control group 5 (50.2±22.9). there was no significant different (P>0.05) in the plasma level of ALT and ALP but a significant reduction (P<0.05) was observed in the AST value of group 1 (7.8±6.4), group 2 (11.8±8.4), group 4 (7.2±6.1) as compared to the control group 5 (42.2±5.2). No significant difference was observed in the creatinine value among the groups. However urea level among the groups were significantly difference (P<0.05). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the plasma level of TRBC, HCT, Hb, MCH and platelets but the value of MCV, TWBC, MCHC, and lymphocyte were significantly difference (P<0.05) among the groups. It could be concluded that bee venom induced serious dose and time dependent patho-physiological alterations in hepatic and renal tissue leading to increase in some vital parameters of hepatic and renal function in circulation.
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