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EFFECT OF HONEYBEE (Apis mellifera) VENOM ON SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF ALBINO RATS

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Table of contents

Title Page                                                                                                                    i

Abstract                                                                                                                      ii

Certification                                                                                                               iii

Dedication                                                                                                                  iv

Acknowledgement                                                                                                      v

Table of Content                                                                                                         vi

List of Tables                                                                                                              viii

List of Figure                                                                                                              ix

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       Introduction                                                                                                    1

1.1       What are honey bees                                                                                       1

1.2       Honey bee venom                                                                                           1

1.3       Effects of honey bee venom                                                                           2

1.4       Aims                                                                                                               4

1.5       Objectives                                                                                                       4

CHAPTER TWO

2.1       Honey Bee venom                                                                                          5

2.2       Types of Honey Bee Venom                                                                          5

2.2.1    Bumble bee venom                                                                                         5

2.2.2    Solitary bee venom                                                                                         6

2.3       Physical characteristics of bee venom                                                            8

2.4       The composition of bee venom                                                                      8

2.5       Studies on bee venom and its medical use                                                     8

2.6       The allergic for honey bee venom                                                                  9

2.7       Cardiac effect of Honey bee venom in rats                                                    10

2.8       Haematological and Biochemical effects on Albino rats                               11

CHAPTER THREE

3.0       Materials and method                                                                                     13

3.1       Study Area                                                                                                      13

3.2       Experimental Animal and Design                                                                  13

3.3       Collection of blood sample                                                                            13

3.4       Biochemical Analysis                                                                                     14

3.5       Haematological Analysis                                                                                14

CHAPTER FOUR                                                                              

4.0       Results                                                                                                            15

4.1       Biochemical Result                                                                                        15

4.2       Haemotogical Result                                                                                      18

CHAPTER FIVE

Discussion and Conclusion                                                                                        19

5.1       Discussion                                                                                                       19

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                      20

REFERENCES                                                                                                         21

LIST OF TABLES                                                                                                                  Page

Table 1: Plasma level of some biochemical parameters of the rat                             17

Table 2: Haematological parameters of the control and experimental group   19

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure                                                                                                                         Page

1          Showing the honeybee Apis Mellifera                                                            1

Abstract

ABSTRACT

            This study aim to evaluate the effect of honey bee (Apis Mellifera) venom on some haematological and biochemical parameters of albino rat. 25 apparently healthy albino rats were used for this study and the rat were divided into five groups (Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4, Group 5) with five rats per group. Group 1 receive one sting of bee venom per week, group 2 receive three stings per week, group 3 receive five stings per week, group 4 receive seven stings per week and group 5 (control) were left unstinged for a period of four weeks and the rat were stung directly with the honey bee. Blood samples collected were analysed for some biochemical and haematological parameters using a refloton system and autohaemo analyser respectively. Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C, total protein and albumin were not significantly different (P>0.05) among the groups. However, there was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the plasma level of LDL-C in group 4 (20.6±11.8) as compared to the control group 5 (50.2±22.9). there was no significant different (P>0.05) in the plasma level of ALT and ALP but a significant reduction (P<0.05) was observed in the AST value of group 1 (7.8±6.4), group 2 (11.8±8.4), group 4 (7.2±6.1) as compared to the control group 5 (42.2±5.2). No significant difference was observed in the creatinine value among the groups. However urea level among the groups were significantly difference (P<0.05). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the plasma level of TRBC, HCT, Hb, MCH and platelets but the value of MCV, TWBC, MCHC, and lymphocyte were significantly difference (P<0.05) among the groups. It could be concluded that bee venom induced serious dose and time dependent patho-physiological alterations in hepatic and renal tissue leading to increase in some vital parameters of hepatic and renal function in circulation.



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