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EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASE Escherichia coli IN FAECAL SAMPLES OF CHICKEN

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Table of contents

Title page                                                                                                                                i

Certification                                                                                                                           ii

Dedication                                                                                                                              iii

Acknowledgement                                                                                                                  iv-v

Table of contents                                                                                                                    vi-vii

List of tables                                                                                                                           17-21

List of figures                                                                                                                         18-29

CHAPTER ONE                   

1.0 INTRODUCTION                                                                                                            1-4

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Escherichia coli                                                                                                                5

2.1 Beta Lactams                                                                                                                    5

2.2 Beta Lactamases                                                                                                               6          

2.3 Evolution and epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase                                    7

2.3.1 INTEGRONS                                                                                                                 8-9

Classes of Integrons

2.4 Definition and classification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases

2.4.1 Definition                                                                                                                      10

2.4.2 Classification                                                                                                                 10

2.4.3 Risk factors associated with the acquisition of ESBL- producing Enterobactericeae       11

2.5 Treatment of patients infected with Enterobacteriaceae producing ESBLs (ESBLA)         11-12

 

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS                                                                                     13

3.1 Collection and processing of specimen                                                                            13

3.2 Sterilization of materials used                                                                                          13

3.3 Isolation and identification of organisms                                                                         13

3.3.1 Culture media                                                                                                                13

3.3.2 Media preparation                                                                                                         13

3.3.3 Microbiological analyses                                                                                               14

3.3.4 Biochemical tests                                                                                                           15

3.3.4 Identification method                                                                                                    15

3.4 Susceptibility testing                                                                                                        15

3.5 Test for ESBL production                                                                                                15-16

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULTS                                                                                                                         17-29

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 DISCUSSION                                                                                                                   30-35

5.1 CONCLUSION                                                                                                                 35

REFERENCES                                                                                                                     36-48

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolates isolated from faecal samples of apparently healthy chickens in four poultry farms in Ago Iwoye Ogun State. Isolates were identified by relevant biochemical tests. The antibiotics susceptibility testing were determined for five (5) antibiotics (gentamicin, cefuroxime, erythromycin, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone). Test for ESBL production was carried out by the double disk diffusion method using amoxicillin clavulanic (30µg), ceftazidime (30µg) and cefuroxime (30µg) alone. E. coli was isolated in 8 of 60 samples examined from which they were all beta lactamase positive as they confer resistance to the antibiotics used. E. coli exhibited high resistance to cefuroxime, erythromycin, Augmentin, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone in all the isolates.98% of the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and 45% to erythromycin as zone of inhibitions were seen and recorded. In conclusion, the study has demonstrated the presence of E.coli isolates in various faecal sample of chickens in low concentration, their antibiotic susceptibility clearly demonstrating multiple drug resistance and the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase in some isolates. 

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