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FREEDOM OF THE PRESS AND PRACTICE OF JOURNALISM IN A DEMOCRACY

Table of contents

Title Page                                                                                                                    i

Certification                                                                                                               ii

Dedication                                                                                                                  iii

Acknowledgement                                                                                                      iv

Abstract                                                                                                                      v

List of Tables                                                                                                              viii

Table of Contents                                                                                                       vi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION                                                                         1

1.1       Background to the Study                                                                                1

1.2       Statement of the Problem                                                                               3

1.3       Objectives of the Study                                                                                  4

1.4       Research Questions                                                                                        4

1.5       Significance of the Study                                                                               5

1.6       Scope and Limitation of the Research                                                            5

1.7       Operational Definition of Terms                                                                    5

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW                                                            6

2.1       Theoretical Review                                                                                        6

2.2       Conceptual Review                                                                                         7

2.2.1    The Concept of Freedom of the Press                                                            7

2.2.2    Historical Development in the Concept of Press Freedom                            9

2.2.3    Signing of Freedom of Information Act in Nigeria                                        11

2.2.4    Defining Democracy                                                                                      13

2.2.5    Aims of Democracy                                                                                       14

2.2.6    Problems of Democracy                                                                                 16

2.2.7    Major Roles of the Media in Democratic Societies                                       15

2.3       Summary of Literature Review                                                                      16

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY                                                                   17

3.1       Research Design                                                                                             17

3.2       Population of Study                                                                                        17

3.3       Sample and Sampling Technique                                                                   17

3.4       Instrument for Data Collection                                                                       18

3.5       Administration of Data                                                                                   18

3.6       Validity of the Instrument                                                                              18

3.7       Method of Data Collection                                                                             18

3.8       Method of Data Analysis                                                                                18

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS                 19

4.0       Introduction                                                                                                    19

4.1       Presentation of Respondents Demographic Information                               19

4.2       Research Question                                                                                          21

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION          27

5.0       Discussion of Findings                                                                                   27

5.1       Conclusion                                                                                                      28

5.2       Recommendations                                                                                          29

5.3       Suggestion for Further Studies                                                                       29

References                                                                                                                  30

APPENDIX: Questionnaire                                                                                        32



LIST OF TABLES

Table   Title                                                                                                                Page

4.1.1    Gender Distribution of Respondents                                                              19

4.1.2    Age Distribution of Respondents                                                                   19

4.1.3    Marital Distribution of Respondents                                                              20

4.1.4    Academic Qualification of Respondents                                                        20

4.1.5    Occupational Distribution of Respondents                                                     20

4.2.1    Journalism is difficult to practice in Nigeria                                                  21

4.2.2    Freedom of Information Act is helping in the field of journalism                        21

4.2.3    Government is not adhering to Freedom of Information Act and it 

            is affecting journalism                                                                                                22

4.2.4    It is difficult to access information in Nigeria even with the 

            Freedom of Information Act                                                                           22

4.2.5    Dehumanisation affects the practice of journalism in Nigeria                         22

4.2.6    Freedom of Information Act has improved journalism in Nigeria                        23

4.2.7    There is no difference before and after the passage of Freedom of         

            Information Act bill                                                                                        23

4.2.8    Freedom of Information Act has helped in revealing so many 

            hidden agenda of our government                                                                  24

4.2.9    Freedom of Information has helped in Nigeria’s democratic growth             24

4.2.10  Freedom of Information has improved communication between 

            the government and its citizens                                                                      24

4.2.11 Government do encourage journalists in revealing facts                                25

4.2.12 Government is not being fair to journalists in some cases                              25

4.2.13 Government do not release reliable information to journalists                        25

4.2.14 Government of Nigeria take drastic action against 

            misappropriation of information released by journalists                                26

4.2.15  Freedom on information is not really enforced in Nigeria                             26

Abstract

Freedom of the press which can also be referred to as freedom of information is a concept in journalism and an issue in contemporary media practice. This controversial concept establishes that media practitioners, especially journalist, reserve the freedom to probe, to dig, to pry for the purpose of obtaining information, news, opinion and publish same without hindrance. This study investigates the freedom of the press and practice of journalism in a democracy. It examined the form of censorship and hindrance affecting the practice of journalism, the impact of freedom of press on journalistic practices and determines how government encourages freedom of press during this time of a democracy.

The study used the survey research method in the process of data collection. The method entails identifying population of the study and collection of data through questionnaire administration. The population of the study comprised of journalist from Tell Magazine, This Day Newspaper, The Nation Newspaper and civil servants that comprised of teachers, lecturers and security agents. The instrument for data collection is a self-designed questionnaire. A sample size of 150 respondents was drawn from the population and questionnaire administered to them. However, 142 (94.67%) copies was retrieved and used for the data analysis. Data generated was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS).

Findings of the study revealed that there is no hindrance affecting the practice of journalism in a democracy. It showed that freedom of press is important in the practice of a democracy while it also revealed that government encourages freedom of press.

It was recommended that journalists should try and break loose of the censorship mentality in order to practice the Freedom of Information Act efficiently. Also, Government should adhere to Freedom of Information Act in order to continue to sustain true democracy in Nigeria. 

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