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HISTOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF OCHRATOXIGENIC MOULDS AND THEIR TOXINS IN AN ANIMAL MODEL

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Table of contents

 

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                                                    1 

1.0       Introduction                                                                                                                1 

1.1       Background to the Study                                                                                           1 

1.2       Aim and Objectives of the Study                                                                               2 

1.2.1    Aim of the Study                                                                                                        2 

1.2.2    Objectives of the Study                                                                                              3 

1.3      Significance of the Study                                                                                            4 

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                                                     5 

2.1       Ochratoxins (OTA)                                                                                                     5 

2.2       OTA Producing Fungi                                                                                                8 

2.3       Nature and Structure of Ochratoxins                                                                         9 

2.4       Toxicology Profile of OTA                                                                                         10 

2.4.1    Acute toxicity                                                                                                             10 

2.4.2    Chronic toxicity                                                                                                          10 

2.4.3    Carcinogenesis, Teratogenesis and Genotoxicity                                                       13 

2.5       Differential Toxicity of Ochratoxin Group Members                                                 14 

2.6       Comparative Toxicity of Ochratoxin Group Members                                               15 

2.7       Ochratoxins Occurrence in Cereal Grains                                                                   16 

2.8       OTA levels in contaminated food                                                                              18 

CHAPTER THREE                                                                                                                20 

3.0       Materials and Methods                                                                                               20 

3.1       Collection / Isolation of Xerophilic and Ochratoxigenic Moulds                               20 

3.2       Characterization                                                                                                          20 

3.3       Experimental animal                                                                                                   21 

3.4       Preparation of Ochratoxigenic Moulds Contaminated Food                                     21 

3.5       Feeding of the Experimental Animals                                                                        22 

3.6       Sacrificing of Animals and Harvesting of Organs                                                      23 

3.7       Biochemical Tests                                                                                                       23 

3.8       Histopathological Analysis of the Brain                                                                     24 

CHAPTER FOUR                                                                                                                  25 

4.0       Results                                                                                                                        25 

4.1       Evaluation of Biochemical Characters                                                                        25 

4.2       Histological Assessment of the Brain                                                                         27 

4.2.1    Effect on Brain                                                                                                           27 

CHAPTER FIVE                                                                                                                   29 

5.1       Discussion                                                                                                                   29 

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                                  30 

References                                                                                                                              31 

LIST OF TABLES 

TABLE          TITLE                                                                                                PAGES 

4.1       Concentration of Biochemical Tests carried out on the Rats                         25 

Abstract

 

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ochratoxigenic moulds on the tissues of albino rats. This contaminant is a mycotoxin that can be found in raw materials (cereals, coffee, cocoa, spices), in processed foods (bread and other bakery products). Histopathological effect of ochratoxigenic moulds has long been documented but there is dearth of information on its effect on liver and other organs. OTA intake reduces the synthesis of albumin, while the concomitant increase in aminotransferases (ALT and alkaline phosphatase (ASP) is in agreement with the hypothesis of liver damage induced by ochratoxigenic moulds. In this study, thirty-two albino Wister rats, six months old and weighing 180-200g were used. The experiment was carried out in four groups; group one and two represented as T1 and T2 consists of eight female and male rats respectively, they served as the control group, therefore they were fed with the standard diet and clean drinking water. Group three represented as T3 consisting of eight female rats were fed with the ochratoxigenic mould contaminated feed for two weeks and group four consisting of eight male rats were treated the same. Biochemical tests were done on the blood sample to assay for Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein, aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP) and albumin. Histopathological assessment was also done on the brain to examine the effect of the ochratoxigenic mould contaminated feed on these organs and it revealed that exposure to ochratoxigenic moulds affects the structural integrity and architecture of these cells.  Significant increase in the level of total protein, albumin, AST, ACP, ALT and ALP for T3 and T4 compared to T1 and T2 was also recorded. 

 

Keywords: Ochratoxigenic moulds, Albino Wister Rats, Brain 

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