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ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PROFILE OF MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM WELL WATER.
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 3
1.3 Significance of the Study 4
1.4 General Objective 4
1.5 Specific Objectives of the Study 4
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Microbial Quality of Well Water 5
2.2 Water Quality Assessment Parameters 7
2.3 Standard of Water Quality 9
2.4 Needs for Water Supply and Sanitation 10
2.5 Waterborne Diseases 11
2.7 Antibiotic resistance 13
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS 15
3.1 Study Area 15
3.2 Collection of Water Samples 15
3.3 Materials and Methods 15
3.4 Sterilization of Glassware 15
3.4.1 Physical and Chemical Analysis of the Water Samples 16
3.5 Microbiological Analysis 17
3.5.1 Morphological Characteristics 17
3.6 Biochemical Tests 18
3.6.1 Microscopic Identification of Bacteria Isolates Gram Staining 18
3.6.2 Catalase Test 18
3.6.3 Oxidase Test 19
3.6.4 Citrate Utilisation Test 19
3.6.5 Urease Test 20
3.6.6 Methyl Red Test 20
3.7 Antibiotic Testing 20
3.7.1 Preparation of Inoculum 21
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 22
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 33
5.1 Discussion 33
5.2 Conclusion 36
References 38
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Pages
1 Observation Made on Site 24
2 Physiochemical Parameters of Well Water Sample 25
3 Microbial Load of Well Water Sample 26
4 Morphological Characteristics of Bacteria from the Sampled Well 27
5 Biochemical Characterization of Bacteria Isolates from Well Water Samples 28
6 Isolation Rate of Bacterial Isolated from Well water samples 29
7 Zone of Inhibition of Gram Negative Bacterial Isolates from Well Water
Samples 31
8 Zone of Inhibition of Gram Positive Bacterial Isolates from Well Water
Samples 32
Abstract
The aim of this study was investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of microorganisms isolated from well water. Contamination of drinking water due to mismanagement of human and animal waste, household and waste water as a result of rapid unplanned urbanization is on the rise and there is increased incidences of antibiotic resistance which could lead to devastation epidemics . Ten (10) isolates belonging to seven genera were isolated from the ten well water sampled in Ijebu area of Ogun State. The genera isolates were Escherichia coli (n=4, 40%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=1, 10%), Bacillus sp. (n=1, 10%), Klebsiella spp. (n=2, 20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=1, 10%) and Shigella spp (n=1, 10%). Escherichia coli were the most isolated (n=4, 40%) while Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp., Shigella and Salmonella spp. was the least isolate. It was revealed that all the isolates (Klebsiella sp. Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were resistant to Perfloxacin. Klebsiella sp and Shigella sp.were resistant to Gentamycin, All the isolates were resistant to Ampiclox except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Klesiella sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to Zinacef. Klebsiella sp., Escherichia coli were resistant to Rocephin and Septrin and Klebsiella sp. Shigella sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to Erythromycin. The total viable count of the samples ranged from 1.1 x 103 cfu/ml to 3.0 x 103 cfu/ml. The total coliform count of the samples ranged from 1.6 x 103 cfu/ml to 3.2 x 103 cfu/ml. This exceeded the recommended limit (<500 cfu/ml) and shows that the wells contain very high level of microbial contaminant that make water obtained from them a threat to public health. Good and proper personal and environmental sanitary practices must be maintained in and around the wells and boiling well water before being used for drinking purposes and also the use of filters would also go a long way to prevent incidence of water- borne diseases
Keywords: Antimicrobial, Resistance, Microorganisms, Well Water
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