Pages

46

Words

9,598

Chapters

5

Payment Methods

NOTE: It's highly recommended to before making a purchase to enjoy the benefits as a registered user.

INVESTIGATION ON THE INACTIVATION OF ESBL ENZYMES ON MORINGA LEAF (Moringa oleifera) SCENT LEAF (Ocimum gratissimum) AND BITTER LEAF (Vernonia amygdalina)

Categories

Table of contents

 

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                                                     1 

1.1       Introduction                                                                                                                1 

1.2       Aim and Objective of the Study                                                                                 4 

1.2.1    Aim of the Study                                                                                                        4 

1.2.2    Objectives of the Study                                                                                              4 

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                                                    5 

2.1       ESBL definition and classification                                                                            5 

2.1.1    SHV type                                                                                                                     5 

2.1.2.   TEM type                                                                                                                    6 

2.1.3    CTX type                                                                                                                     7 

2.1.4    OXA type                                                                                                                    8 

2.1.5    PER type                                                                                                                     9 

2.1.6    GES type                                                                                                                     9 

2.1.7    VEB-1, BES-1, and other ESBL type                                                                         10 

2.2       The Genus Ocimum                                                                                                    10 

2.2.1    Description of Ocimum gratissimum                                                                          12 

2.2.2    Composition of Aqueous Extract of Ocimum gratissimum                                        13 

2.3       The Genus Vernonia                                                                                                   13 

2.3.1    Description of Vernonia amygdalina                                                                         14 

2.4       Moringa Oleifera                                                                                                        17 

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods                                                                         20 

3.1       Study Area                                                                                                                  20 

3.2       Test Samples and Method of Collection                                                                    20 

3.3       Collection and identification of the plant materials                                                   20 

3.4       Extraction of active components from plant materials                                               21 

3.5       Examination of Isolates for Multi-antibiotic resistance and ESβL-production        21 

3.6       Effects of plant extracts on extended spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria      22 

3.7       Dilution of plant materials                                                                                          22 

3.8       Test isolates                                                                                                                22 

3.9       Antibacterial susceptibility testing of the plant extracts                                            22 

CHAPTER FOUR: Results                                                                                                    24 

CHAPTER FIVE                                                                                                                    32 

5.1       Discussion                                                                                                                   32 

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                                  34 

References                                                                                                                              35 

LIST OF TABLES 

Table              Title                                                                                                    Pages 

1          Morphology and characterization of test organisms                                      26 

2          Biochemical reaction of the test organisms                                                    27 

3          Inhibitory zones of the test organisms on extract at different 

Concentration                                                                                     28 

 

4          Minimum Inhibitory Concentration                                                               29 

5          Minimum Bactericidal Concentration                                                                        30 

6          Correlation between the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and 

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration                                                                        31 

Abstract

 

The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria isolates make many serious infections and due to their resistant to common antibiotic, plants extract are considered as alternate source of drug for inhibiting their growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inactivation of ESBL enzymes on moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina). A total number of 10 organisms were used in this study; these were Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella oxytoca. All the organisms were inhibited at 100, 50, 25, and 2.5mg/ml, except Klebsiella oxytoca that was inhibited at 100mg/ml only while Lactococcus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed inhibition at all concentrations. However, Salmonella spp. and E. coli had their MBC at 6.25mg/ml; P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris had their MBC at 12.5mg/ml; S. mercescens at 3.13mg/ml; Pseudomonas and K. pneumoniae at 0.2mg/ml and Klebsilla oxytoca at 100mg/ml; indicating that it is not bactericidal at any concentration lesser than 100mg/ml. The correlation between the MIC and MBC shows that each isolate at a particular MIC its MBC is greater than 100mg/ml. For instance, Salmonella sp. at MIC of 6.25mg/ml has its MBC greater 100mg/ml. This study has shown that medicinal plant extracts possess active ingredients capable of inhibiting growth of ESβL – producing bacteria, therefore they are possible sources of raw materials that could be used to produce novel antibiotics which could be used to treat ESβL bacterial infections. 

Keywords: ESBL, Moringa Leaf, Scent Leaf, Bitter Leaf, ESBL enzymes.
 

Share This Topics

Please Note:

We represent an esteemed online resource center duly registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC). Our commitment to integrity and reliability underscores our ethos, ensuring that our services are delivered with utmost trustworthiness. It is our solemn assurance that we conduct our operations with the highest ethical standards, thereby precluding any possibility of deception or fraudulent activities. Guided by our reverence for ethical conduct, we pledge to uphold the principles of honesty and transparency in all our dealings. Rest assured, upon confirmation of your payment, our dedicated team endeavors to promptly furnish you with the requisite project materials within a timeframe of 30 minutes.

We further emphasize that the materials provided are intended for reference purposes, and it is incumbent upon the buyer to adapt and tailor the content to meet their specific requirements. It is imperative to exercise due diligence in ensuring that any utilization of the project or research content is in accordance with academic integrity standards, thus mitigating the risk of plagiarism

Projects are sent in MS word format within 30 minutes - 60 minutes of payment confirmation. For questions and complaints call or WhatsApp: +2348062235854 or +2348166784138

NOTE: By ordering for this material, you have read and agreed with our Terms of use

Payment Methods

NOTE: It's highly recommended to before making a purchase to enjoy the benefits as a registered user.

Feature Project Topics