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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENDOPHYTES IN Eichhornia crassipes (Water hyacinth)
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
1.0 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of Research Problems 4
1.3 Justification of the Study 4
1.4 Aim of the Study 5
1.5 Specific Objectives of the Study 5
CHAPTER TWO 6
2.0 Literature Review 6
2.1 Eichhornia crassipes 6
2.2 Biology, Chemical Composition and Ecology of E. crassipes 8
2.3 E. crassipes Impacts on Biodiversity Loss 11
2.4 Economic impacts of E. crassipes 12
2.5 Endophytic Microorganism 13
2.6 Endophytic Fungi 16
2.7 Plant Colonization by Endophytic Fungi 17
2.8 Relationship between Plant and Endophyte 19
CHAPTER THREE 22
3.0 Materials and Methods 22
3.1 Collection of Samples 22
3.2 Materials and Apparatus Used 22
3.3 Media Preparation 22
3.4 Preparation of Eichhornia crassipes stem bark 22
3.5 Morphological Characterization 23
3.6 Biochemical Test 23
3.6.1 Catalase Test 23
3.6.2 Oxidase Test 24
3.6.3 Indole Test 24
3.6.4 Urease Test 24
3.7 Lactophenol staining 25
3.8 Examination of Antimicrobial Activities 25
3.8.1 Agar Diffusion Assay 25
CHAPTER FOUR 26
4.0 Results 26
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and Conclusion 32
5.1 Discussion 32
5.2 Conclusion 34
References 36
LIST OF TABLES
TABLES TITLE PAGES
4.1 Morphological and biochemical characterization of endophytic bacteria isolates 27
4.2 Zone of inhibition of Endophytic bacteria against test organisms in (mm) 29
4.3 Frequency and Percentage of Endophytic Bacteria in Eichhornia crassipes. 31
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize endophytes in Eichhornia crassipes. Endophytic bacteria live in the interior of healthy plants without causing them any damage. These bacteria are of biotechnological interest; they may be used in the biological control of pests and plant diseases, and in the pharmaceutical industry. The aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes belong to the Pontederiaceae family. Ten (10) isolates belonging to endophytic bacteria were isolated from the leave and stem of Eichhornia crassipes. The isolated endophitic bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=3), Bacillus species (n=4) and Micrococcus species (n=3). The zone of inhibition of the endophytic organisms isolated in this study on selected bacteria which include Staphylococcus spp. Diplobacilli, and Streptobacillus sp. showed Micrococcus species inhibit Staphylococcus sp. [A] (14.00mm) and Staphylococcus sp. B (12.00mm); Bacillus specie inhibit Staphylococcus sp. [A] (10.00mm), Streptobacilli [A] (10.00mm), Streptobacilli [B] (20.00mm), Staphylococus sp. [B] (12.00mm) and Streptobacilli [C] (10.00mm). Pseudomonas sp. inhibit Streptobacili sp. [A] (10.00), Streptobacilli sp. [B] (10.00) and Streptobacilli [c] (10.00mm). Studying the endophytic population is something important, due to it biotechnological application, because it has great potential against resistant pathogens.
Keywords: Endophytes, Endophytic bacteria, Eichhornia crassipes, Aquatic macrophytes.
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