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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTERIC BACTERIA ON ATM CARDS
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Aim of the Study 5
1.3 Objectives of the Study 5
1.4 Justification of the Study 5
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 6
2.1 The Enterobacteriaceae Family 6
2.2 Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) 7
2.3 ATM As Source Of Transmission Of Enteric Bacteria 9
2.4 Prevalence of Bacteria on Automated Teller Machine and Card 10
2.5 Bacteria Colonization of Surfaces 13
2.6 Commonly found bacteria on automated teller machine (ATM) surfaces 16
2.6.1 Bacillus Spp 15
2.6.2 Escherichia coli 15
2.7 Fomites and Its Role in Transmission of Diseases 16
2.8 Bacteria Survival on Inanimate Surfaces 17
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods 20
3.1 Study Area 20
3.2 Collection of Samples 20
3.3 Sterilization of Materials 20
3.4 Media Used 21
3.5 Media Preparation 21
3.6 Culture Technique 21
3.7 Morphological Characterization 22
3.8 Biochemical Test 22
3.8.1 Indole Test 22
3.8.2 Citrate Utilization Test 23
3.8.3 Oxidase test 23
3.8.4 Urease Test 23
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 24
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion, Conclusion And Recommendations 30
5.1 Discussion 30
5.2 Conclusion 32
5.3 Recommendations 32
References 34
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGES
4.1 Number of isolate of initial ATM cards samples culture 26
4.2 Morphological Characterization of Enteric Bacteria Recovered from
ATM Cards 27
4.3 Gram Staining and Biochemical test of the Isolates from Sampled ATM
Cards 28
4.4 Percentage of Occurrence of Bacterial Isolates from ATM CARDS. 29
Abstract
The Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is used by millions of people as an alternative to gain time instead of using traditional banking systems and ATMs are frequently localized around banks. However, ATM cards might be potential devices for microbial accumulation and transmission in the community. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of enteric microorganisms on ATM cards in Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria. A total of thirty (30) isolates were successfully selected based on their distinguishable colony morphology characteristics, Gram staining and Biochemical characterization. The identified organisms were Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonae and Enterobacter sp. Escherichia sp. had the highest percentage occurrence with 36.66%, followed by, Pseudomonas sp. (20%), Shigella spp. (16.67%), Salmonella spp. (10%), Enterobacter sp. (6.67%). It was concluded that all the studied ATM cards sampled in this study were positive for enteric bacterial strains. Mechanisms should be in place by government and non-governmental organizations to ensure/enforce simple hygiene tips among the citizenry.
Keywords: ATM Cards, Enteric bacteria, Swab Stick, Enteric Microorganisms, Olabisi Onabanjo University.
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