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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENTERIC BACTERIA ON ATM CARDS

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Table of contents

 

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                                                    1 

1.1       Introduction                                                                                                                1 

1.2       Aim of the Study                                                                                                        5 

1.3       Objectives of the Study                                                                                              5 

1.4       Justification of the Study                                                                                           5 

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                                                     6 

2.1       The Enterobacteriaceae Family                                                                                   6 

2.2       Automatic Teller Machine (ATM)                                                                              7 

2.3       ATM As Source Of Transmission Of Enteric Bacteria                                              9 

2.4       Prevalence of Bacteria on Automated Teller Machine and Card                               10 

2.5       Bacteria Colonization of Surfaces                                                                              13 

2.6       Commonly found bacteria on automated teller machine (ATM) surfaces                  16 

2.6.1    Bacillus Spp                                                                                                                15 

2.6.2    Escherichia coli                                                                                                           15 

2.7       Fomites and Its Role in Transmission of Diseases                                                      16 

2.8       Bacteria Survival on Inanimate Surfaces                                                                    17 

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods                                                                         20 

3.1       Study Area                                                                                                                  20

 
3.2       Collection of Samples                                                                                                 20
 
3.3       Sterilization of Materials                                                                                             20
 
3.4       Media Used                                                                                                                21
 
3.5       Media Preparation                                                                                                       21
 
3.6       Culture Technique                                                                                                       21
 
3.7       Morphological Characterization                                                                                  22
 
3.8       Biochemical Test                                                                                                         22
 
3.8.1    Indole Test                                                                                                      22
 
3.8.2    Citrate Utilization Test                                                                                   23
 
3.8.3    Oxidase test                                                                                                    23
 
3.8.4    Urease Test                                                                                                     23
 
CHAPTER FOUR: Results                                                                                        24
 
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion, Conclusion And Recommendations                         30
 
5.1       Discussion                                                                                                       30
 
5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                      32
 
5.3       Recommendations                                                                                          32
 
References                                                                                                                  34
LIST OF TABLES

TABLE          TITLE                                                                                                PAGES
 
4.1       Number of isolate of initial ATM cards samples culture                                            26
 
4.2       Morphological Characterization of Enteric Bacteria Recovered from 

ATM Cards                                                                                                                 27
 
4.3       Gram Staining and Biochemical test of the Isolates from Sampled ATM 

Cards                                                                                                                           28
 
4.4       Percentage of Occurrence of Bacterial Isolates from ATM CARDS.                        29
 

Abstract

 

The Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is used by millions of people as an alternative to gain time instead of using traditional banking systems and ATMs are frequently localized around banks. However, ATM cards might be potential devices for microbial accumulation and transmission in the community. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of enteric microorganisms on ATM cards in Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.  A total of thirty (30) isolates were successfully selected based on their distinguishable colony morphology characteristics, Gram staining and Biochemical characterization. The identified organisms were Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonae and Enterobacter sp. Escherichia sp. had the highest percentage occurrence with 36.66%, followed by, Pseudomonas sp. (20%), Shigella spp. (16.67%), Salmonella spp. (10%), Enterobacter sp. (6.67%). It was concluded that all the studied ATM cards sampled in this study were positive for enteric bacterial strains. Mechanisms should be in place by government and non-governmental organizations to ensure/enforce simple hygiene tips among the citizenry. 

 

Keywords: ATM Cards, Enteric bacteria, Swab Stick, Enteric Microorganisms, Olabisi Onabanjo University. 

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