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MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF WELL WATER AND SACHET WATER IN AGO-IWOYE

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                                         1

1.1       Introduction                                                                                                    1

1.2       Aim of the Study                                                                                            3

1.3       Objective of the Study                                                                                    3

1.4       Justification of the Study                                                                                4

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                                        5

2.1       Water and Health                                                                                            5

2.2       Water Quality Standards                                                                                7

2.3       Quality of Drinking Water                                                                             7

2.4       The Importance of Water Quality                                                                  8

2.5       Waterborne Pathogen and Transmission of Enteric Bacteria                         10

2.6       Survival of Enteric Bacteria in Water                                                            11

2.7       The Effects of Poor Water Quality on Humans Health                                  12

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Method                                                              14

3.1       Description of Study Area                                                                              14

3.2       Collection of Samples                                                                                    14

3.3       Materials Used                                                                                                14

3.4       Sterilization of Glasswares                                                                             14

3.5       Media Used                                                                                                     15

3.6       Media Preparation                                                                                          15

3.7    PHYSIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS                                                                   15

3.8       Microbiological Analysis                                                                               16

3.8.1    Serial Dilution                                                                                                16

3.8.2   Total Viable Count Determination                                                                  16

3.8.3   Total Viable Count                                                                                          16

3.8.4   Isolation of Microorganisms                                                                           17

3.8.5    Identification of Bacteria Isolates: The inoculants for subsequent                              studies were                                                                                                    17

 3.8.5.1            Identification and Characterization of Isolated Bacteria                        17

3.8.5.2             Morphological characteristics of the colonies                                    17

3.8.5.3             Biochemical Characterization                                                            17

3.8.5.4             Microscopic Identification of Bacteria                                              18

3.8.5.5             Catalase Test                                                                                       18

3.8.5.6             Methyl Red Test                                                                                 19

3.8.5.7             Oxidase Test                                                                                       19

3.8.5.8             Citrate Utilization Test                                                                       19

3.8.5.9             Indole Production Test                                                                       20

3.8.5.10           Urease Test                                                                                         20

CHAPTER FOUR: Results                                                                                        21

CHAPTER FIVE                                                                                                        28

5.1       Discussion                                                                                                       28

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                      30

5.3       Recommendations                                                                                          31

REFERENCES                                                                                                           33

LIST OF TABLES

Table  Title                                                                                                                Page

1:         Physiochemical Analysis of Samples                                                             22

2          Total Viable Count of Microbial Isolates from the Water Samples                      23

3          Total Coliform Count from Different Sources of Water Samples                        24

4          Morphological Characterization of Bacteria Isolated on Selective Agar 25

5          Morphological Characterization of Bacteria Isolated on Selective Agar 26

6          Biochemical Reaction of Bacterial Organisms Isolated from the various                        Water Samples                                                                                              27

Abstract

Unhygienic source of water can cause water borne diseases such as typhoid and paratyphoid fevers (Salmonellosis) as most of the enteric diseases are transmitted through water. Hence bacteriological qualities of samples of some sachet and well water samples were examined in Ago-Iwoye. Some physiological parameters (pH, colour, taste, turbidity, suspended solids) indicative of water quality as well as the total viable counts ad total coliform counts were examined. The pH of the samples ranged between 6.25 and 7.5, Suspended solids content ranged between 3.3 and 18.5 X 10-2. The turbidity ranged between 0.03 and 0.14 for both well and sachet water samples. Well and sachet water samples were all colourless, odourless and tasteless. The total viable counts ranged between 0.1 X 106 and 4.1 X 106 for both sachet water and well water samples. The coliform counts ranged between 0.1 X 105 and 2.7 X 105 for both sachet and well water samples. A total of six   bacterial species: Staphylococcus aureus. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp.and Shigella spp., were isolated. Their distribution among the samples and the public health implication are discussed. The well and sachet water samples examined were found to fall short of the WHO recommendations for drinking water and the possible reasons and solutions were discussed.

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