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MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF BOREHOLE WATER IN OLABISI ONABANJO UNIVERSITY AGO-IWOYE, PERMANENT SITE AND THEIR ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PROFILE

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Table of contents

 

CHAPTER ONE: Introduction                                                                                               1 

1.1       Background of the Study                                                                                            1 

1.2       Statement of the Problem                                                5 

1.3       Significance of the Study                                                                                           5 

1.4       Aim of the Study                                                                                                        6 

1.5       Objectives of the Study                                                                                              6 

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                                                    7 

2.1       Ground water                                                                                                              7 

2.2       Borehole site selection                                                                                                8 

2.2.1. Purification of groundwater by Soil                                                                             8 

2.2.2    Recommended distance between domestic water wells and sources of pollution    9 

2.3       Need for Groundwater exploitation                                                                            9 

2.4.      Borehole water Availability and Accessibility                                                           10 

2.5       Water Parameters                                                                                                       11 

2.5.1    Physico- chemical Parameters                                                                                    11 

2.5.2    Micro-biological parameters                                                                                      14 

2.6       Water borne infections                                                                                               15 

2.7       Antibiotic resistance                                                                                                   17 

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods                                                                         18 

3.1       Study Area                                                                                                                  18 

3.2       Collection of Water Samples                                                                                      18 

3.3       Materials                                                                                                                     18 

3.4       Media Used                                                                                                                 19 

3.5       Sterilization of Glassware                                                                                          19 

3.6       Physical and Chemical Analysis of the Water Samples                                             19 

3.7       Total coliform count (TCC)                                                                                       20 

3.8       Total Viable Count Determination                                                                             20 

3.9       Feacal Coliform Count                                                                                               21 

3.10     Microbiological Analysis                                                                                           21 

3.10.1  Isolation of Bacteria                                                                                                   21 

3.10.2  Morphological Characteristics                                                                                   22 

3.10.3  Biochemical Tests                                                                                                      22 

3.11     Antibiotic Susceptibility Test                                                                                     26 

3.11.1  Preparation of Inoculum                                                                                             26 

CHAPTER FOUR: Results                                                                                                    27 

4.1       Physiochemical Analysis of Borehole Water Samples                                              27 

4.2       Bacteriological Analysis of the Isolates from Borehole Water Samples                      27 

4.3       Identification of Isolates from Borehole Water Samples                                           31 

4.4       Antimicrobial susceptibility testing                                                                           37 

CHAPTER FIVE                                                                                                                    39 

5.1       Discussion                                                                                                                   39 

5.2       Conclusion and Recommendations                                                                            42 

References                                                                                                                              44 

LIST OF TABLES 

Table              Title                                                                                                    Pages 

4.1       Physiochemical Analysis of Borehole Water Samples                                              29 

4.2       Microbial Counts of Isolates in Borehole Water Samples                                         30 

4.3       Morphological Characteristics of Bacteria Isolates Recovered from Borehole Water Samples                                                                                                                      33 

4.4       Colonial Morphology of Fungi Isolates Recovered from Borehole Water                      34 

4.5       Biochemical Characteristics of Isolates Recovered from Borehole Water Samples            35 

4.6       Zone of Inhibition of Bacterial Isolates from Borehole Water Samples                      38 

Abstract

 

This study sought to determine the microbiological quality of some boreholes used for drinking and other domestic purposes in Olabisi Onabanjo University Permanent Site and evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the borehole water isolates. A total of ten (10) samples were collected from ten boreholes. Samples were analyzed for microbiological content following standard procedures. Physiochemical analysis, Viable count, Coliform count, Feacal count, Salmonella shigella counts and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were evaluated using the Most Probable Number and Kirby-Bauer methods respectively. pH value of the borehole water ranged from 6.4 – 7.3. The temperature ranged from 22oC – 28oC. The total viable count ranged from 2.35 x 101 to 1.12 x 102. The total coliform count ranged from 1.8 x 101 to 1.52 x 102. Total feacal count ranged from 2.3 x 101 to 1.36 x 102. The total Salmonella shigella count ranged from 3.6 x 101 to 1.09 x 102. A total number of forty (40) isolates belonging to seven genera were isolated in this study. These were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus spp. All isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin except Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Augumentin was moderate on all the isolates except Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which were resistant. Staphyloccocus aureus was resistant to Gentamycin while only Escherichia coli was susceptible to Streptomycin. Chloramphenicol was susceptible on Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Bacillus spp. while Staphylococcus resist chloramphenicol. All the isolates were susceptible to Amoxicillin except Shigella spp. and Bacillus spp. which were moderate. Three isolates were susceptible to erythromycin while the remaining four were moderate. The microbial analysis revealed a faecal contamination of the groundwater, making it unfit for drinking without proper disinfection. 

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