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MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF BOREHOLE WATER IN OLABISI ONABANJO UNIVERSITY AGO-IWOYE, PERMANENT SITE AND THEIR ANTIBIOTICS RESISTANCE PROFILE
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 5
1.3 Significance of the Study 5
1.4 Aim of the Study 6
1.5 Objectives of the Study 6
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 7
2.1 Ground water 7
2.2 Borehole site selection 8
2.2.1. Purification of groundwater by Soil 8
2.2.2 Recommended distance between domestic water wells and sources of pollution 9
2.3 Need for Groundwater exploitation 9
2.4. Borehole water Availability and Accessibility 10
2.5 Water Parameters 11
2.5.1 Physico- chemical Parameters 11
2.5.2 Micro-biological parameters 14
2.6 Water borne infections 15
2.7 Antibiotic resistance 17
CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods 18
3.1 Study Area 18
3.2 Collection of Water Samples 18
3.3 Materials 18
3.4 Media Used 19
3.5 Sterilization of Glassware 19
3.6 Physical and Chemical Analysis of the Water Samples 19
3.7 Total coliform count (TCC) 20
3.8 Total Viable Count Determination 20
3.9 Feacal Coliform Count 21
3.10 Microbiological Analysis 21
3.10.1 Isolation of Bacteria 21
3.10.2 Morphological Characteristics 22
3.10.3 Biochemical Tests 22
3.11 Antibiotic Susceptibility Test 26
3.11.1 Preparation of Inoculum 26
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 27
4.1 Physiochemical Analysis of Borehole Water Samples 27
4.2 Bacteriological Analysis of the Isolates from Borehole Water Samples 27
4.3 Identification of Isolates from Borehole Water Samples 31
4.4 Antimicrobial susceptibility testing 37
CHAPTER FIVE 39
5.1 Discussion 39
5.2 Conclusion and Recommendations 42
References 44
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Pages
4.1 Physiochemical Analysis of Borehole Water Samples 29
4.2 Microbial Counts of Isolates in Borehole Water Samples 30
4.3 Morphological Characteristics of Bacteria Isolates Recovered from Borehole Water Samples 33
4.4 Colonial Morphology of Fungi Isolates Recovered from Borehole Water 34
4.5 Biochemical Characteristics of Isolates Recovered from Borehole Water Samples 35
4.6 Zone of Inhibition of Bacterial Isolates from Borehole Water Samples 38
Abstract
This study sought to determine the microbiological quality of some boreholes used for drinking and other domestic purposes in Olabisi Onabanjo University Permanent Site and evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the borehole water isolates. A total of ten (10) samples were collected from ten boreholes. Samples were analyzed for microbiological content following standard procedures. Physiochemical analysis, Viable count, Coliform count, Feacal count, Salmonella shigella counts and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were evaluated using the Most Probable Number and Kirby-Bauer methods respectively. pH value of the borehole water ranged from 6.4 – 7.3. The temperature ranged from 22oC – 28oC. The total viable count ranged from 2.35 x 101 to 1.12 x 102. The total coliform count ranged from 1.8 x 101 to 1.52 x 102. Total feacal count ranged from 2.3 x 101 to 1.36 x 102. The total Salmonella shigella count ranged from 3.6 x 101 to 1.09 x 102. A total number of forty (40) isolates belonging to seven genera were isolated in this study. These were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus spp. All isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin except Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Augumentin was moderate on all the isolates except Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which were resistant. Staphyloccocus aureus was resistant to Gentamycin while only Escherichia coli was susceptible to Streptomycin. Chloramphenicol was susceptible on Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Bacillus spp. while Staphylococcus resist chloramphenicol. All the isolates were susceptible to Amoxicillin except Shigella spp. and Bacillus spp. which were moderate. Three isolates were susceptible to erythromycin while the remaining four were moderate. The microbial analysis revealed a faecal contamination of the groundwater, making it unfit for drinking without proper disinfection.
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