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MYCOFLORA AND PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF COOKIES
Categories
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1
1.1 Background to Study 1
1.2 Aim and Objectives of Study 3
1.2.1 Aim 3
1.2.1 Objectives of the Study 3
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 4
2.1 Classification of Cookies 4
2.2 Major Ingredients of Cookies 5
2.3 Baking Technology 7
2.4 Proximate Analysis of Flavoured Cookies 8
2.5 Factor Affecting Physical and Microbial Properties of Cookies 14
2.6 Microorganisms involved in Spoilage of Bakery Products 19
2.6.1 Yeast Spoilage 20
2.6.2 Mold Spoilage 21
2.7 Control of Microbial Growth in Cookies and Bakery Products 22
2.7.1 Reformulation to reduce product aw 22
2.7.2 Freezing 23
2.7.3 Preservative 23
2.7.4 Effect of Chemical Preservatives 24
CHAPTER THREE 26
3.0 Materials and Methods 26
3.1 Study Area 26
3.2 Collection of samples 26
3.3 Equipment and Materials Used 26
3.4 Sterilization of Glasswares 26
3.5 Media Preparation 27
3.6 Enumeration of Yeast and Mould 27
3.7 Characterization and Identification of Isolates 27
3.8 Proximate Analysis of the samples 28
3.8.1 Determination of Moisture Content 28
3.8.2 Determination of Ash Content 28
3.8.3 Determination of Crude Fat 29
3.8.4 Determination of Crude Protein 29
3.8.5 Determination of Crude Fiber 30
3.8.6 Determination of Carbohydrate 30
CHAPTER FOUR: Results 31
4.1 Characterization and Identification of Isolates from Cookies 31
4.2 Analysis of Proximate Composition of Cookies 34
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations 37
5.1 Discussion 37
5.2 Conclusion 38
5.3 Recommendations 39
References 40
Appendix 47
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Pages
1 Morphological Characterization and Identification of Mycoflora associated
Cookies from Ago-Iwoye 32
2 Frequency and Percentage Occurrence of Mold Isolated from Cookies Samples 33
3 Proximate Composition of Cookies Samples from Ago-Iwoye 36
Abstract
This study investigated the mycoflora associated with cookies on sale in Ago-Iwoye, using standard microbiological methods. The proximate composition of the cookies were also estimated using standard biochemical methods. Ten (10) cookies samples of different brands were collected from local sellers in Ago-Iwoye, Ijebu-North Local Government Area. Mycoflora associated with the cookies included: Aspergillius and Fusarium spp. Proximate analysis shows that the moisture content ranged from 1.20 ±0.01 to 5.37±0.01. The ash content ranged from 0.81±0.04 to 2.45±0.25. The fat content ranged from 5.58±0.20 to 18.44±0.49. The protein content ranged from 5.60±0.06 to 11.64±7.08. The crude fiber content ranged from 1.66±0.02 to 3.12±0.01. The carbohydrate content ranged from 70.96±0.19 to 85.70±0.29. Suitable post production handling and storage of products, especially during sale is important to reduce contamination of products.
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