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OCCURRENCE AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERN OF Escherichia coli 0157 IN ABATTOIR EFFLUENT

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Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE                                                                                                                    1

1.1       Introduction                                                                                                                1

1.2       Objective of the Study                                                                                               3

1.2.1    General Objective                                                                                                       3

1.2.2    Specific Objectives                                                                                                     3

CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review                                                                                     4

2.1       Abattoir Waste Water                                                                                                 4

2.2       Microbial Contents of Abattoir Waste Water                                                             5

2.3       Microbiology of Escherichia coli                                                                                6

2.3.1    Source and transmission of Escherichia coli O157: H7 infection                              7

2.3.2    Diseases caused by Escherichia coli O157: H7                                                          8

2.3.3    Epidemiology and outbreak of Escherichia coli O157: H7 infection                        9

2.4       Escherichia coli O157:H7: An Emerging Foodborne and Waterborne Pathogen      10

2.5       Regulatory Status of Escherichia coli 0157: H7                                                        12

CHAPTER THREE: Materials and Methods                                                                         14

3.1       Site Selection                                                                                                              14

3.2       Sample Collection                                                                                                       14

3.3       Sterilization and Aseptic Techniques                                                                          14

3.4       Media and Reagent                                                                                                     15

3.5       Isolation of Escherichia coli 0157                                                                              15

3.5.1    Sample Preparation                                                                                                     15

3.5.2    Total Viable Count                                                                                                     15

3.5.3    Total Coliform Plate Count                                                                                        15

3.6       Identification of Escherichia coli Isolates                                                                  16

3.6.1    Morphological Characteristics                                                                        16

3.6.2    Microscopic Examination                                                                                           16

3.6.3    Biochemical Tests                                                                                                       17

3.7       Serological Test                                                                                                           18

3.8       Antibiotic Susceptibility                                                                                             19

CHAPTER FOUR: Results                                                                                                    20

4.0       Isolated Bacteria                                                                                                         20

4.1       Colonial Morphology of Escherichia coli grown from each Samples            20

4.2       Biochemical Characteristic of Isolated organisms                                                      20

4.3       Total Escherichia coli Count                                                                                      20

4.4       Detection of Escherichia coli 0157                                                                            20

4.5       Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern                                                                               21

4.6       Multiple Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli                                                    21

CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion and Conclusion                                                                      27

5.0       Discussion                                                                                                                   27

5.2       Conclusion                                                                                                                  28

References                                                                                                                              29

 

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE          TITLE                                                                                                PAGES

4.1       Morphology characteristics of Escherichia coli isolated from wastewater 

            Samples                                                                                                           22

4.2       Biochemical Test for Escherichia coli                                                23

4.3       Total Escherichia coli Count                                                                          24

4.4       Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Isolates to Test Antibiotics                     25

Abstract

The aim of this study was isolation and identification of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli 0157 from wastewater in Abattoir environment in Ijebu-North Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria. Isolation of bacteria was done by pour plate method using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar. First line confirmation of E. coli 0157 was done by streak on Tellurite Sorbitol MacConkey Agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was by disk diffusion method. A total of forty bacteria isolates were recovered and none were found to be 0157 strain. The total Escherichia coli count for each samples ranged from 3.2 × 106 Cfu/ml to 4.0×107Cfu/ml. Sample Ig5--7 had the highest count with 4.0×107Cfu/ml while the least count was obtained from Ig4-6 sample with 3.2 × 106 Cfu/ml. All the sample location has high microbial load. Generally, susceptibility to Cefoxitin and Gentamycin was the highest. Thirty-six isolates were susceptible to Cefoxitin and Gentamycin which is equivalent to 90%. Ten isolates were susceptible to Meropenem which is equivalent to 25%. Eight isolates which is equivalent to 20% were susceptible to Ceftriaxone. Most of the isolates were not susceptible to common antibiotic which call for concern for every individual in come in contact with this wastewater.  So it may be recommended that the waste water should be treated before discharge because its discharge to water body is a serious public health issue because of the presence of indicator organisms as well as possible pathogens. 

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