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PULSE CHARGER FOR REVIVING WEAK LEAD ACID BATTERIES
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Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background to the Study 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 2
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study 3
1.4 Significance of the Study 3
1.5 Scope of the Study 3
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Lead Acid Battery 4
2.1.1 Lead Acid Battery Types 4
2.1.2 Charging Process of a Lead Acid Battery 5
2.1.3 Sulfation 5
2.1.4 Desulfation 6
2.2 Pulse Method 7
2.2.1 Negative Pulse Discharge Method 9
2.2.2 Superimposed Pulse Frequency Method 10
2.3 Common Components of Charger 11
2.3.1 Transformer and Its Functions 11
2.3.2 Silicon Control Rectifier (SCR) 13
2.3.2.1 Modes of Operation in SCR 14
2.3.3 Resistors and their Functions 15
2.3.3.1 Types of Resistors 16
2.3.4 Capacitor 18
2.3.4.1 Types of Capacitor 18
2.3.5 Diode 24
2.3.5.1 Functions of Diode 24
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS 26
3.1 Circuit Diagram 26
3.2 List of Materials 26
3.2.1 Resistors 26
3.2.2 Voltage Regulator 27
3.2.3 555 Timer 27
3.2.4 Transformer 28
3.2.5 I.C. 4060 29
3.2.6 Capacitor 29
3.2.7 Opto Coupling 29
3.2.8 Soldering Lead 30
3.2.9 Soldering Iron 30
3.2.10 Vero Board (Discrete Type) 30
3.2.11 Triac 31
3.2.12 Transistor 31
3.3 Construction Procedures 31
3.4 Precautions 32
CHAPTER FOUR: TESTING, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Performance Testing
4.2 Results
4.3 Discussion on Principle of Operation
4.4 Application of Pulse Charger
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendations
REFERENCES
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG TITLE PAGE
2.1 Construction of a lead acid battery (Source: Laadissi et al., 2017) 6
2.2 Output pulse shape (Source: Laadissi et al., 2017) 7
2.3 Pulse charging circuit (Source: Horkos et al., 2015) 7
2.4 Fast charging pulse method (Source: Horkos et a., 2015) 8
2.5 Comparison of charging time of three methods (Source: (Horkos et
al., 2015) 9
2.6 Transformer (Source: https://www.google.com/transformer) 13
2.7 Fixed resistors (Source: www.wikipedia.com) 16
2.8 Variable resistors (Source: www.hallroad.com) 17
2.9 Dielectric Capacitor (Source www.wikipedia.com) 19
2.10 Variable Capacitor Symbols (Source www.wikipedia.com) 20
2.11 Film Capacitor (Source: www.eepower.com) 21
2.12 Ceramic Capacitor (Source: www.indiamart.com) 22
2.13 Diode (Source: Lowe et al., 2013) 24
3.1 Circuit Diagram of Pulse Charger (Source: Odia and Okpor, 2017) 26
Abstract
The lead acid batteries used by automobile have always presented the challenge of low efficiency and high loss. In order to promote the popularization and application of batteries, many researchers have put forward different charging method. One possible method that has been proposed by many to reverse the effects of sulfation is to recharge the lead-acid battery using a pulse charger. To gain a better understanding of the possible benefits of this type of charging, a pulse charger will be constructed to charge tired lead acid battery. It is expected that the results of the construction and tests will revive tired lead acid battery
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